Essay On Glories Of Guilt - 993 Words

11/12/2017 Pearson Writing Center - Student Content Author: Craige, Mariah Title: Glories of Guilt Mariah Craige English IV (DE) Mrs. Rotolo/7th 27 October 2017 Glories of Guilt The depth of human emotion is frequently overlooked. People often attempt escaping from their feelings because they view them as frightening, concerning, and at times, unnecessary due to their lack of self ­awareness and personal understanding; however, emotional responses such as guilt are necessary and beneficial if one desires to excel in everyday life. Guilt is believed to be a pesky menace that nags at one’s self ­conscious until all wrongs are corrected, but with the absence of guilt, humanity would lack all forms of integrity and morality while failing to†¦show more content†¦For example, even as a young adult, guilt continues to play a key role in my social interactions. I am quick to forgive those who demonstrate a sense of regret, but I am drawn away from those who do not show any sense of responsibility for the actions they have committed. https://pwc.pearsoncmg.com/pwc-ui/feedback.html?sids=urn:udson:pearson.com/xl/highered:user/39508936 1/3 11/12/2017 Pearson Writing Center - Student Content Also, guilt has proven to positively influence children’s emotional responses to one another. In a study done by C. Smith in 2010, children were analyzed to discover at what age apologies become sincere. Like in the previous study, the results proved that guilt is highly beneficial. It was revealed that children as young as four and five years old were able to understand â€Å"the expression of regret† and guilt â€Å"of the transgressor† (Ruckstaetter 391). C. Smith also discovered that from an emotional perspective â€Å"the presence of an apology from a transgressing child to an offended child significantly impacted the emotional response of the offended child† (Ruckstaetter 391). This means that even at a young age, children begin to understand the feeling of guilt, and this emotion is valuable because it causes an apology from the transgressor, which demonstrates to the victim that a mistake was mad e. The validation ofShow MoreRelatedHow to Have a Purpose Driven Life1314 Words   |  6 Pagesthinking that there is no answer, but the truth is, there is an answer. The Purpose Driven Life was written by Rick Warren to show people that they find their purpose through God and until they realize that, life will never make sense to them. In this essay, one will learn that no one is an accident, what drives a person s life, life from God s view, the reason for everything, and that we were all planned for God s pleasure. Life may seem purposeless sometimes, but get ready to learn that you haveRead More The Abolition of Man by C.S. Lewis Essay1198 Words   |  5 Pagesoutstanding not because   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   its ideas are original, but because it presents so clearly the common   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   sense of the subject, brilliantly encapsulating the Western natural law   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   tradition in all its Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian glory. Interestingly,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lewis defense of objective morality here resonates not only with ideas   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from the giants of Western thought (including Plato, Aristotle, Augustine,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and Aquinas), but also draws on the wisdom of theRead MoreRed Badge of Courage Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesLizzy Wood The Red Badge of Courage Essay 11.20.11/6th Hour At times he regarded the wounded soldiers in an envious way. He conceived persons with torn bodies to be peculiarly happy. He wished that he, too, had a wound, a red badge of courage. (Ch.9, Pg. 61) Jim Conklin, Wilson, and the tattered man are not only alike in some ways, but also have differences. The purpose of this essay is to tell you the similarities between the tall soldier, the loud soldier, andRead More Summary and Analysis of The Parsons Tale Essay724 Words   |  3 Pagestelling false stories. He says that he will tell a virtuous tale in prose. The Parsons Tale: There have been many spiritual ways that have led people to Jesus Christ and to the reign of glory. The most prominent of these ways is Penitence. St. Ambrose claims that Penitence is the acceptance of guilt for what a man has done and a pledge to do no more. Perfect Penitence requires contrition of heart, confession of mouth and satisfaction. The root of these is contrition that lives in the heartRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagescontinuously plays a part in the events as the murders become more frequent. William Shakespeare, the author of Macbeth, uses blood imagery to develop Macbeth’s character, create a foil in between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth and to symbolize honor and guilt. Blood imagery serves as a device to develop Macbeth’s character throughout the play. At the beginning of the play, Macbeth is an honorable man who is brave,courageous, and righteous. However, after Macbeth hears the prophecies of the witches, heRead MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth1109 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the tragedy of Macbeth we observe two people on their attempt to gain power and glory through various foul actions. It can be argued that Lady Macbeth is the one responsible for triggering a slippage into this inevitable situation that led to their descent. From the moment Macbeth became aware of his â€Å"fate† Lady Macbeth started forming her own imaginary world in which her evil plans seemed likely to be effective. The thought of she and her husband being royalty makes her dismiss rationalityRead MoreMacbeth Villain Analysis877 Words   |  4 Pages48-51). Macbeth clearly acknowledges his dark wishes for wealth, and felt ashamed that his mind could be so immoral and sinful; however, this slight remorse does not prevent him from doing what is necess ary to overstep anyone blocking his path to glory. One other key aspect of Macbeth’s character is the doubt he holds against himself. This quality causes Macbeth to second guess his decisions to kill, lie, and cheat his way to the throne. After discussing and planning King Duncan’s murder with hisRead MoreThe Tragedy Of The Iliad1555 Words   |  7 Pagesenigma to a reader, the importance and honor in meeting one’s fate is clear. In The Iliad, the significance of fate becomes more evident when mortal beings figure out their destiny because the gods highlight it to them through certain events. This essay will examine different situations, highlight the gods motives and determine the result of the intervention. In Book I of The Iliad, Agamemnon and Achilles get into a fiesty argument after the gods curse their troops with a plague because AgamemnonRead More Nietzsche: Exposing the Christianity Hoax Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pagesantichrist; in fact he even wrote â€Å"The Antichrist,† an essay that seems to be his boarding pass and a ticket to hell. But there is some merit in his satanic ideas about religion one need only to view them from faithless eyes. Nietzsche’s ideas dismiss those of Matthew and how religion is a con to suppress the strong and make the weak feel important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nietzsche sees religious people as weak people who hate the strong and independent. In essay one he calls all priests â€Å"the great haters of history†¦likewiseRead MoreUse Of Propaganda And How It Is Used By Donna Woolfolk Cross1103 Words   |  5 Pagesmanipulating ones feelings, actions, and belief of things in a certain way. Donna Woolfolk Cross believes, â€Å"The only defense to become wise to the ways of words† (247). In her essay, â€Å"Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled†, author Donna Woolfolk Cross explains the different types of propaganda and how it is used in the United States. The essay was first published in Speaking of Words: A Language Reader (1977). Cross defines propaganda as â€Å"simply a means of persuasion and so it can be put to work for good causes

Cyp Core 3.1 Understand Child and Young Person...

Understand how to monitor children and young people’s development and interventions that should take place if this is not following the expected pattern. 3.1 Explain how to monitor children and young people’s development using different methods. Methods: Observation. Children can change according to who they are with and whether they know that they are being watched. This means that you will need to observe children in a range of different situations, e.g. with other children, playing by themselves and when they are with an adult. It is also important to see what children can do when they do not know that an adult is watching them. This is sometimes known as naturalistic observation as in theory we are watching children being†¦show more content†¦After something seems important or interesting, the person who saw or heard it tells the observer about it. The observer can then write it down in a diary, event recording or just add it into the child’s or young person’s records. Time Sampling. Time sampling allows you to look at what a child does over a period of times, such as morning or part of an afternoon. This means that you gain a more complete picture of the child. This type of observation needs some planning, as the observer needs to keep an eye on the children. A sheet is prepared with the times marked out. At the each of the times on the sheet, the observer watches what the child is doing. It is possible to record the activity of more than one child. Event Sample. This observation method is used to look at how often and in what circumstances a child shows a particular behaviour such as biting. It can also be used to find out about how often a child talks or plays with other children. A prepared sheet is drawn up in advance after considering carefully the type of information that needs to be collected. A column is put down for each piece of information. When the behaviour is seen, the person has seen it should fill in the sheet. Checklist. Checklists are popular, especially where people are working with large groups of children. Many checklists are commercially produced, but it is also possible to design your own. Checklists are easy to use because they focus the observer onShow MoreRelatedLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesCACHE Qualification Specification CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) CACHE  © Copyright 2011 All rights reserved worldwide.    Reproduction by approved CACHE centres is permissible for internal use under the following conditions: CACHE has provided this Qualification Specification in Microsoft Word format to enable its Centres to use its content more flexibly within their ownRead MoreTDA 3.2 organisation in schools Essay3183 Words   |  13 PagesF/601/3327 TDA 3.1 Communication and professional relationships with children, young people and adults Knowledge skill 3 2 2 A/601/3326 TDA 3.2 Schools as organisations Knowledge 3 3 3 F/601/4073 TDA 3.3 Support learning activities Knowledge skill 3 4 4 A/601/4069 TDA 3.4 Promote children and young people’s positive behaviour Knowledge skill 3 3 5 H/601/4065 TDA 3.5 Develop professional relationships with children, young people andRead MoreWell Being of Children and Young People7337 Words   |  30 PagesTANDY: REF No: DG66205 UNIT 3 /CODE CYP CORE 3.3 UNDERSTAND HOW TO SAFEGUARD THE WELLBEING OF CHILDREN amp; YOUNG PEOPLE TASK 1 TO LEARNING OUTCOME 1 ASSESMENT CRITERIA 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 1.1 The first children’s act was brought out in 1989 to make it easier for the laws which protected children and young adults. It was mad clear that all children had rights and all the children services should work together in the event of any allegations of child abuse. England amp; Wales producedRead MoreEssay about Dcypw Cyp Core 3.79411 Words   |  38 PagesCYP Core 3.7: Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people. 1.1 Describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children and young people. Every one is an individual and so everyone has individual needs. It is important that as a practitioner that I always take this into consideration and consider the fact that each child will also experience their own personal situations which are unique to them. These unique situations oftenRead MoreDuty of Care Assignment Level 3 Cache Diploma7178 Words   |  29 Pages34 PRICIPLES FOR IMPLEMENTING DUTY OF CARE IN HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE OR CHILDRREN’S AND YOUNG PEOPLE’S SETTINGS 1.1 Explain what it means to have a duty of care in your own work role Wikipedia describes â€Å"a duty of care is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while performing any acts that could foreseeably harm others†. I understand that a Duty of Care within my work role requires many things. Firstly, the children areRead MoreSocial, Emotional Moral Development Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesPage 1 PIN no: 30146194 ULN no: 9158839584 Course no: E150DWC3561U CYP Core 3.1: Understand child and young person development 1.1. Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth to 19 years. Aspects of development should include * Physical * Communication * Intellectual/cognitive * Social, emotional and behavioural * Moral Social and emotional development is the development of the child’s identity and self-image, relationships and feeling aboutRead MoreCyp Core 3.4: Support Children and Young People’s Health and Safety.1724 Words   |  7 PagesUnit Title CYP Core 3.4: Support children and young people’s health and safety. 1.1: Describe the factors to take into account when planning healthy and safe indoor and outdoor environments and services. There are a lot of factors to take into account when planning a healthy and safe indoor or outdoor environment and service. These will include the needs and requirements of the children/young person firstly. The service should meet the needs of the children and young people, such as changing theRead MoreUnderstand Child Development and Young Person Development - 1.12161 Words   |  9 Pagesfor the Children and Young People’s Workforce (QCF) Unit Ref: L/601/1693 CYP Core 3.1: Understand Child Development and Young Person Development Rosanna King Learning Outcome 1: Understand the expected pattern of development for children and young people from birth – 19 years. Assessment Criteria 1.1: Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth – 19 years. Answer to 1.1: Below I have explained the sequence and rate of each development from birth – 19 yearsRead MoreEssay on Child Care2272 Words   |  10 PagesCyp core 3.2 1.1-Explain the factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. When assessing a child you must be careful to take into account confidentiality before carrying out an observation you must have parents and the settings permission and not to leave confidential material lying around they must be secured in a locked cabinet. Only talk to authorized personal about confidential material. This confidentially can only be broken when a child is at real risk. When carryingRead MoreUnderstand Child and Young Persons Development 0-19 Essay example3909 Words   |  16 PagesMARCIA MCKENZIE Unit – 506 Level 5 CYP | Units Criteria | ‘’We are moulded by and re-moulded by those who have loved us; and though the love may pass, we are nevertheless their work for good or ill’’ ( Francois Mairlac) 1. Explain the sequence of development that would normally be expected in children and young people from birth to -19 years.Children have certain basic, physical and psychological needs and if these needs are not met then growth psychological developmental

The Pressures of Being a Teenager in Todays Society free essay sample

The Pressures of being a teenager in today’s society Jennifer: head cheerleader, and captain of the football team’s girlfriend. She has perfect hair, perfect skin, and there is no possible way to deny her beauty. I try to tell myself that on the inside she is ugly. I know I’m simply jealous, but I cannot help but detest her. She has everything. As for myself, I have nothing compared to her. I don’t understand why I feel sorry for myself. I spend all my time wishing I was someone else. I’ve always been extremely insecure throughout my life, and it has lead to depression. It runs in my family. My mother had terrible problems ith it. I remember her doctor constantly changing her medication in the hopes of finding the cure that would work for her. â€Å"Melissa? Melissa? Are you even paying attention? † My teacher demanded. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pressures of Being a Teenager in Todays Society or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"Yes miss. † I replied, although, I was drifting off into space. Today our lecture was about the many pressures of being a teenager in society today. All this talk about being in or out made me think of the social changes now occurring in the educational system. I then remembered a conversation I had with my guidance counsellor. I was feeling lonely and rejected, and this teacher told me that other kids, even the popular nes, also felt as miserable as I was at times. Of course, I didn’t believe him. How could all those girls, all those girls who had everything be unhappy? I would most definitely be happy with all those cute clothes and better yet, cute boys. I would never be miserable if I could change places with one of them. After school that day, I went home, did my homework, watched some television, had supper, and went to flip through magazines, the usual. I wondered how all those girls were so thin. How did they manage to stay on such strict diets? I envied them. That night before bed, I looked myself in the mirror, and broke into choked sobs. I try to keep it together, but I cannot. I barely slept. The same question repeated itself over and over in my head†¦ How could any one person be so ugly, and so fat. It was plain disgusting so to speak. The next day I noticed an advertisement on the front of one of my magazines. It was an add about a modeling agency coming to my hometown holding auditions. The entire week I debated attending the audition. I was aware that I would be out of my league completely compared to all the pretty girls in my town. I was also aware of the possibility of getting laughed at. A lost puppy, they’d say. No I couldn’t go. I would make a complete fool out of myself. Of course that was the norm for me, and I began to ask myself what was there to lose? My dignity, perhaps. It was Friday and my day went on as usual. I woke up, washed my face, got dressed, went to school, and finally the last bell rang. The hallways were scattered with girls chattering excitedly about the modeling auditions. I simply ignored them and headed towards my bus. But then something hit me. Why not? Why not go to the audition? So I went, not taking in anymore thought. When I arrived I was completely right about the environment surrounding me. The prettiest girls in town were there, already laughing at me. Exclusion hurts. Discrimination and rejection are painful at any age. The line up seemed never ending. It took almost two hours to get in and audition. The auditors asked me various questions such as: Are you healthy? What does modeling mean to you? And so forth. They asked me about my weight, and if I had participated in any fitness programs. At the end of the audition they suggested toning up, loosing some weight, and would call in a few days if I made it onto the next stage. I knew exactly what that meant. â€Å"Sorry but your too fat to be a model, thanks for trying out and iving us a good laugh. † I went home that night, and decided to take in what they said as constructive criticism. I decided that I was going to do something about my weight. I was sick and tired of being fat and frumpy. I made a schedule for myself in order to balance school, work, and exercise. If they called, that would be great and if th ey didn’t, well I was doing this for me. I scaled in at 184 pounds today. My goal is to weigh 130 at the end of this little experiment. In just one month alone, I managed to loose twenty pounds. I was feeling great. This was an incredible accomplishment for me. I wasn’t satisfied ust yet, and I had some more pounds to lose until I reached my goal. It almost seemed too easy. I wanted to lose more. Skinny obsession here I come. I believed that my hopes of becoming a model were officially over. It was a little over a month later when the phone rang, and my mom called me from upstairs. â€Å"Melissa dear, a modeling agency is on the phone for you? Do you know what this is about? † â€Å"Yes mom, I’ll take it, I’ll explain later. † I replied. Apparently I was what the model agency was looking for. Who would have guessed? They asked if I took their advice, and when they saw me they thought I was the erfect candidate. Although they had strict rules about dieting, they didn’t want any of the girls to have eating disorders and whatnot. They were aiming for healthy looking girls who could be role models for young adolescents. My first day for casting was the next night. I was so excited and I stayed up all ni ght debating what to wear. I needed something hip and in, but also sophisticated. This way they would know I was taking this industry seriously. When I got there it was everything I expected: lighting, wardrobes, and the photographers. It was incredible, and I was finally going to be apart of it. The following week at school, my fellow students were beginning to take notice of me. â€Å"Hello, how are you today Melissa† They politely greeted me. Or asked me. â€Å"Did you loose weight? You look great! † Emily Baldwin the most popular girl in the entire school, asked me to sit with her at lunch. Obviously, I took her up on that offer. After seventeen years of my life, people were finally noticing me, and I loved it. I finally had a group to sit with at lunch, people acknowledged me in the hallways, and I was popular. Hallelujah. However, being in the â€Å"in† group was beginning to get to me. My teachers were oncerned about my grades, and I was falling asleep in class. I had no energy. I know I sometimes took it too far with my dieting and exercise, but it was an addiction. I could not get enough of this â€Å"in† fix. For most overweight girls, it is hard to stick with a diet, but it was almost natural for me. I wanted to fit in so bad that I woul d risk anything to get it. I barely noticed the pains in my stomach from hunger. The model agency called today, they told me I was taking the dieting too seriously, and if I didn’t gain some more weight I would be removed from the industry. I didn’t even care. It didn’t dawn on me at all. I was thin, and popular. I no longer cared about being a model. I wanted to be noticed, and I was. Maybe even more so than I imagined. Eventually everything went back downhill. My one teacher called home. I failed to hand in my assignment. My parents were not only furious but concerned. This wasn’t like their little Melissa. Then my parents were beginning to really worry. I was eating less and less each day. To top it all off, I passed out in the bathroom the one day. My friend Jennifer even told my mom and dad I was skipping lunch and taking excessive pills to stay skinny. Once my parents were informed of this it was off to the doctors for me. Seeing the doctor didn’t really help me. I was cooperative and agreed with everything the doctor told me to satisfy him. When I arrived back home I followed the same eating habits as before. That night my mom came into my room, with a late night snack, so we could talk about everything that just happened. I told her I wasn’t hungry and that didn’t fly so well with her. It is now three months later and I am sitting in a hospital bed. I’m being fed from tubes. I couldn’t be fed me solid foods because my stomach has shrank so much over the ast year, and I can’t keep it down. I guess I took this dieting thing way too far. Apparently I have a disease called anorexia. Waking up in this hospital bed everyday for the past two weeks has made me realize that my extreme dieting was dangerous, stupid, and also hurt the people around me. I am now paying the consequence of such actions. My guidance counsellor explained to me that everyone feels like an outsider. Everyone has moments of loneliness. Everyone worries whether she or he fits in, or whether he or she is odd. â€Å"In† and â€Å"out† are simply illusions. Instead of looking for â€Å"in† nd â€Å"out†, we should try to see ourselves as we are. We are all different. Yet we are all the same. I wish this would have been clear to me a year ago before anorexia took over my life. At the same time however, I would say it was all worth it. Call me crazy, but everything happens for a reason. I know what it is like to be an outcast, popular, over weight and underweight. You are still the same person on the inside, whatever that might be. This experience has been the best and wo rst thing to ever happen to me. All my questions have relevant and simple answers. Be yourself. Life is way too short to be living someone else’s life.

Kelly Couch Essays (312 words) - Characters In Hamlet, Hamlet

Kelly Couch February 5, 1997 Period 1 Character Journal Act 2 Hamlet I have succeeded in tricking the whole royal family into thinking I am 'mad.' Ophilia, Polonius, Gertrude, Claudius, and all the rest of them believe that I am heart-broken and losing my mind. This should play right into my trap. Since I now know of the players that are in town, I can continue my plan that consists of disposing of Claudius. Fooling the royal family was a simple task. They believe that I have become mad because of the forbiddance of Ophilia to see me. I even expressed a will to die, rather then be left without her. All of this I am doing, because I see no other way. I must deceive the king, until I am ready to kill him. I was having doubts of the ghost recently. At first, I figured it to be a legitimate specter. Showing up at a time very shortly after my great father's death and wearing his shining armor. He seemed to speak of wisdom that only my dead king could portray. Now, I wonder if it wasn't a phantom sent from hell to lure me into killing my mother's lover and king. If true, I would never be able to live with myself, for that would be a horrible deed, done wrong. Yet, I cannot just dismiss this apparition, so I will carry out my plan. I have decided, that with the help of the players and a little improvising on my part with the script they will read, to check on Claudius' conscience. They shall perform a play in which the king is slain and shall watch my new king very closely, for if he so much as flinches I can be sure that the ghost has spake the truth. With that confirmation, I shall begin constructing my play to kill him.

buy custom Andover Fresh essay

buy custom Andover Fresh essay In the recent times the number of health problems has drastically surged. It is on this light that farmers in collaboration with other stakeholders, such as the local leaders, student bodies among others living in Andover, have established Andover Famers Markets. The mission of this market is to organize a weekly venue, where farmers of Massachusetts and artisans can gather and find healthy and fresh foods among other products, which support the spirit and economy of Andover (Bartz, 2011). If I was given one day and a budget of $1000 to significantly change our community, I would spend it in the Andover Farmers Market. Since its establishment in 2007, I have noted that most of the people living in Andover, have not clearly understood the role played by this market, not only n improving the economic welfare of the city but also in improving the nutrition levels of the locals. As a result of this, the one day would focus on improving the awareness of the locals on the significance of the Andover Framer Market, which mainly sells fresh products, such as organic products. To maximize on the productivity of this day, I would substantially involve the local leaders, farmers, student bodies, artisans and other key players in the Andover community (Andover Farmers' Market, 2011). The table below indicates how the $1000 would be spent during that one-day event. Function Amount in $ Advertisement 400 Transport 400 Miscellaneous 200 Total 1000 At the end of the day, the locals will be able to fully embrace this market, thus actively participate in the weekly event (Bartz, 2011). In conclusion, the participation of the locals in the Andover fresh markets will improve by at least 35% in the next three years, translating into 15% improvement in the general economy of Andover (Andover Farmers' Market, 2011). Buy custom Andover Fresh essay

Military Abbreviations Found on US Grave Markers

Military Abbreviations Found on US Grave Markers Many military graves are inscribed with abbreviations that denote the unit of service, ranks, medals, or other information on the military veteran. Others may also be marked with bronze or stone plaques provided by the U.S. Veterans Administration. This list includes some of the most common military abbreviations that may be seen on headstones and grave markers in American ​cemeteries, both in the United States and overseas. Military Rank BBG - Brevet Brigadier GeneralBGEN - Brigadier GeneralBMG - Brevet Major GeneralCOL - ColonelCPL - CorporalCPT - CaptainCSGT - Commissary SergeantGEN - GeneralLGEN - Lieutenant GeneralLT - Lieutenant1 LT - First Lieutenant (2 LT 2nd Lieutenant, and so on)LTC - Lieutenant ColonelMAJ - MajorMGEN - Major GeneralNCO - Noncommissioned OfficerOSGT - Ordinance SergeantPVT - PrivatePVT 1CL - Private First ClassQM - QuartermasterQMSGT - Quartermaster SergeantSGM - Sergeant MajorSGT - SergeantWO - Warrant Officer Military Unit Branch of Service ART - ArtilleryAC or USA - Army Corps; United States ArmyBRIG - BrigadeBTRY - BatteryCAV - CavalryCSA - Confederate States of AmericaCT - Colored Troops; may precede the branch such as CTART for Colored Troops ArtilleryCO or COM - CompanyENG or EM - Engineer; Engineers / MinersFA - Field ArtilleryHA or HART - Heavy ArtilleryINF - InfantryLA or LART - Light ArtilleryMC - Medical CorpsMAR or USMC - Marines; United States Marine CorpsMIL - MilitiaNAVY or USN - Navy; United States NavyREG - RegimentSS - Sharpshooters (or sometimes Silver Star, see below)SC- Signal CorpsTR - TroopUSAF - United States Air ForceVOL or USV - Volunteers; United States VolunteersVRC - Veteran Reserve Military Service Medals Awards AAM - Army Achievement MedalACM - Army Commendation MedalAFAM  - Air Force Achievement MedalAFC  - Air Force CrossAM  - Air MedalAMNM  - Airmans MedalARCOM - Army Commendation MedalBM - Brevet MedalBS or BSM - Bronze Star or Bronze Star MedalCGAM  - Coast Guard Achievement MedalCGCM - Coast Guard Commendation MedalCGM  - Coast Guard MedalCR  - Commendation RibbonCSC - Conspicuous Service Cross (New York)DDSM  - Defense Distinguished Service MedalDFC - Distinguished Flying CrossDMSM  - Defense Meritorious Service MedalDSC  - Distinguished Service CrossDSM  - Distinguished Service MedalDSSM  - Defense Superior Service MedalGS  - Gold Star  (generally appears in conjunction with another award)JSCM  - Joint Service Commendation MedalLM or  LOM - Legion of MeritMH or MOH - Medal of HonorMMDSM  - Merchant Marine Distinguished Service MedalMMMM  - Merchant Marine Mariners MedalMMMSM  - Merchant Marine Meritorious Service MedalMSM  - Meritorious Servic e MedalNMCM  - Navy Marine Corps MedalNAM  - Navy Achievement Medal NC  - Navy CrossNCM  - Navy Commendation MedalOLC - Oak Leaf Cluster (generally appears in conjunction with another award)PH - Purple HeartPOWM  - Prisoner of War MedalSM  - Soldiers MedalSS or SSM - Silver Star or Silver Star Medal These abbreviations generally follow another award to indicate superior achievement or multiple awards: A - AchievementV - ValorOLC - Oak Leaf Cluster (generally follows another award to indicate multiple awards) Military Groups Veterans Organizations DAR - Daughters of the American RevolutionGAR - Grand Army of the RepublicSAR - Sons of the American RevolutionSCV - Sons of Confederate VeteransSSAWV - Sons of Spanish American War VeteransUDC - United Daughters of the ConfederacyUSD 1812 - Daughters of the War of 1812USWV - United Spanish War VeteransVFW - Veterans of Foreign Wars

Biography of Copernicus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biography of Copernicus - Research Paper Example After attaining the age of eighteen, Copernicus was sent for further studies in the University of Bologna (Weatherly 47). His uncle had excellent connections not only in Poland, but also in other foreign countries around Europe. This made it easier for him to secure Copernicus’s place at the prestigious University of Bologna. Astronomy was widely considered as one of the most important subjects of study among priests and clerics. Roman Catholics believed that astronomy would enhance the priests’ abilities to forecast the future. Additionally, it was considered as an essential area of knowledge for interpreting events. This ensured that Copernicus gad to study astronomy. While at the University of Bologna, Copernicus also studied mathematics and advanced sciences. It is during his time in Italy that he questioned some heliocentric principles that had been formulated by other scholars. This formed an excellent basis of his research. He learnt a lot from his professor at the university and also applied this knowledge in his research work after moving back to Poland. His findings and theoretical formulations on the heliocentric model were not published until a few days to his death in 1543 (Andronik 69). While his findings had some flaws, they were immensely crucial towards future studies in astronomy and earth sciences at large. The contributions of Copernicus to astronomy are evident in his heliocentric theory. Within the framework of this theory, Copernicus stipulated that the earth revolves around the sun. This is one of the most significant aspects of astronomy. During the 1400s and 1500s, people believed that the earth was the center of the universe. However, the extensive research work of Copernicus was instrumental towards addressing this misconception. At first, this stipulation was considered as highly controversial. However, additional research and studies by other scientists helped in validating

Introducing medical anthropology, 2ND Edition(Merrill Singer & Hans Essay

Introducing medical anthropology, 2ND Edition(Merrill Singer & Hans Baer) Chapters 3 Only - Essay Example The field has evolved from simple and cultural treatment practices to the development of modern clinics and hospital to the campaigns on disease prevention (Singer and Hans, 127). In our daily lives, people confuse the meaning of disease and illness. Indeed a lot of ink and papers have been used to jot down the meaning of the two with the aim of distinguishing the two. A disease can be defined as a natural entity that can be identified through various bodily signs such as high temperatures and emotional discomfort among others amongst others. An illness, on the other hand, constitutes a cultural construction that can be identified only through interpretive activities and narratives of the signs (Singer and Hans, 93). The distinction between a disease and an illness is through the identification of the signs and symptoms. Diseases and illnesses affect the health of a person or a society in case of an outbreak of a disease. A society can be called healthy or sick not only because of a disease, but also because of their social behaviors. Thus, health is the complete physical, mental and social wellbeing in absence of a disease or infirmity that promotes life in highest satisfaction Anthropologist studies medicine holistically in terms of modern and cultural medicine used in all social environments. They study the theories of illness and their typologies in order to offer typologies of healing systems (Singer and Hans, 186). The environment and cultural belief affect the treatment of certain diseases. It is important to encourage patients with unique illness to narrate their experience to healers and medical practitioners to offer understanding of the diseases. Anthropology also acknowledges the importance of cultural treatment because diseases existed before the invention of medicine. The study of chronic diseases which might cause disability to a person in society also helps to understand why people stigmatize others in society. Anthropology also encourages

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Example for Free

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Essay Between the years of 1787 and 1788, a debate arose over the constitution in the state legislatures along with a debate raged in newspapers and pamphlets throughout America’s thirteen colonies following the Constitutional Convention. There were two sides of this debate that felt towards the constitution in a total opposite way as each other. These two sides were the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists. Federalists defended the constitution while Anti-Federalists opposed it. Most people that were a part of the Federalists were well educated and propertied class. Most of these people lived in settled areas along the seaboard. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were weak and ineffective and that national government needed to be strong in order to function. Foreign policy powers needed to be strengthened while excesses at home needed to be controlled. They believed that strong national government needed to control uncooperative states and that those men of experience and talent should govern that nation. The national government should have all control, along with protecting the rights of the people. They wanted the constitution of state governments to protect individual freedoms without bill of rights. Federalists were in favor of establishing the constitution with almost any means possible and they were more sympathetic to separation of church and state. Anti-Federalists were mostly states’ rights advocates, backcountry farmers, poor farmers, the ill-educated and illiterate, debtors, and paper money advocates. In general, the Anti-Federalists were the poorer classes of society. They believed that the Articles of Confederation were a good plan for the nation, and they opposed strong central government, believing that it threatened the rights of the common people. To Anti-Federalists, the constitution was created by aristocratic elements and they suspected it was a plot to suppress liberty of the masses. They also opposed a standing army and the constitution. They believed the constitution favored wealthy men and preserved their power, because the constitution opposed the drawing of annual elections for representatives. Without this method, only the rich picked the rich representatives, who, in turn, favored the rich people in their decisions. The constitution also lacked a bill of rights by being able to override the bills of rights created by state governments. They also argued against the 2/3 ratification plan, since the Articles of Confederation required unanimous consent. Anti-Federalists opposed omitting any reference to God and therefore, the law should go with the laws of God.

Suicide Among Youth Essay -- Suicide Teenagers Suicidal Essays

Suicide Among Youth A suicide attempt is a non-fatal act in which an individual deliberately causes self- injury and should be recognized as a method of communication from a youth who may be experiencing severe problems. Canadian statistics from the Suicide Information and Education Center in 1996 recorded 25 000 attempted suicides and 250 successful suicides. 1 in every 100 people who try to commit suicide will die. Based on the 1996 statistics one can assume that these numbers have increased. It has been suggested that suicide is the second leading cause of death amongst the youth and is more common amongst females than males. Although more females attempt to commit suicide males are more successful in doing so. More often than not we hear of younger people committing suicide rather than those of the elderly. From reading several studies it is hard to say whether it is the youth or the general population that are more likely to attempt suicide and be successful at it. One may often wonder why a person commits suicide and what lead them to the point where they felt there was â€Å"no way out†. It has been suggested youth who are suicidal feel alone, not understood by parents and or their peers, that they are unable to cope with failure, criticism and feel that things will never get better or that no one can do anything to help him or her, amongst other things. Based on these feelings experienced by youths they seek suicide as the â€Å"way out†. One reason suggested is that teens commit suicide as a punishment to themselves and to others around them. Suicide is also seen as a method of revenge. Some of the risk factors associated with suicide are abuse (physical, emotional, drug and sexual), as well as family history and change. Youth are affected deeply by change especially with issues involving family and friends. It has been suggested that the greater number of female attempts at suicide is based on relationship breakups. It is assumed that most often females experience a level of attachment that is much greater than that of males. A female may feel as if no one understands her and that the only important person in her life has now left. Along with the risk factors there are warning signs. I will list a few but the slightest comment could mean that the person feels suicidal. Some of the more common warning signs are loss of appetite, sleep distur... ...hday, I would never know what it feels like to get married or have children. Speaking from experience I think that the best way to help youth is to offer programs that can help them. The Support Network here in Edmonton offers confidential 24 hour service to help youth who are experiencing problems. I also think that suicide prevention and education should be taught in schools. I feel this way because this may affect a person’s life in some way or another whether they are the people who attempt or they are someone who has lost a loved one because of suicide. I personally believe that suicide awareness is much more important than learning how to solve for a polynomial or simplifying an equation. Suicide, whether an attempt or a completion is not something that should taken lightly. It is a life changing experience and never goes away. Suicide will affect all lives and needs to be dealt with. Suicide can be prevented, as long as everyone understands and helps those who appear to need it. Even for those who don’t appear to need it! Bibliography Suicide Information and Education Center (SIEC), 1996 Information on pamphlets and handouts from The Support N

History of Chocolate Essay

Chocolate comes from the cacao bean, which comes from a cocoa tree, which are found in Central America. Mayans The Mayans found the cocoa trees down in South America, and then migrated up to Central America, where their empire stretched from the Yucatan Peninsula to the Pacific Coast of Guatemala. The Mayans are known for being the first people to create plantations, where they had people working on a cacao bean plantation. They also referred to the cacao bean as the â€Å"food of the gods. † Aztecs The Aztecs then conquered the Mayans. The Aztecs would tax anyone who they conquered who grew the cacao beans to pay them as taxes. In fact, the Aztecs used cacao beans as currency, and it was always in demand. No one outside of the Americas would hear of this magnificent drink (as it was used for early on) until about the 15th century. European Influence Christopher Columbus was the first European in the Americas, who was also the first to find cacao beans. He brought these cacao beans back to the Spanish king, whose friars sent the word of it throughout Spain. When the Spanish conquered the Aztecs, cacao beans were imported and changed into a chocolate drink, and was widely popular along the people. They would remove the chili pepper and add milk, sugar, and vanilla to give chocolate a sweet taste. They used chocolate as a drink until the Industrial Revolution. Post-18th Century Chocolate The chocolate we know today is created by mills that could create cocoa butter. This cocoa butter made it to where chocolate could become hard. After the Industrial Revolution, people began to sell these mills and â€Å"cocoa butter† to other people. A man by the name of Daniel Peter bought one of these, and began work on a new type of chocolate, called â€Å"milk chocolate. † This milk chocolate was toyed with quite a bit until Rodolphe Lindt invented conching, and this allowed for Milton Hershey to make chocolate famous and mass produce a cheap candy bar. This leads us up to the chocolate we eat today!

Valuating & Financial Prediction of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd

| Valuating & Financial Prediction of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd| AFX9540 BUSINESS FINANCE| | | | Executive Summary This report is written to offer a business analysis of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) where there will be a discussion on the background of the company, its return on the pre-post announcement of raising funds, the capital structure during the global financial crisis in comparison to its peers and the estimation on the share valuation in comparison to the actual share value. Fortescue Metals Group (ASX:  FMG) is an Australian iron ore mining company.The company has holdings of more than 87,000 km? in the Pilbara region of Western Australia making it the largest tenement holder in the state. It is listed as FMG on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX). In 2008, the group loaded its first iron ore shipment bound for China. Fortescue have at least 10 Chinese steel mill contracts lasting for around 10 years. Baosteel was the first company to receive their iron ore. F or the share valuation, the report uses the CAPM model to determine the prevailing cost of capital and also uses the dividend discount multistage model to predict the share price for the company.The components of the CAPM model (i. e. risk free rate, company beta, Market return and growth rate) are calculated and predicted on historical data. The valuation data is then compared with the actual market price of the shares for the corresponding years and a brief analysis is then performed on the economic and internal reasoning behind any variance encountered. Table of Contents Executive Summary2 1. 0Brief overview of the company4 2. 0Capital Structure4 2. 1Funds raised by the company4 2. 2Usage of the fund5 2. 3Announcement date for the issue5 2. 4Share-return pre and post announcement5 2. Market return same period6 2. 6 Market Perception6 2. 7 Effect of recent financial crisis7 3. 0 Valuation of FXJ shares7 3. 1Risk free rate calculation8 3. 2Market rate calculation8 3. 3Beta calculat ion9 3. 4CAPM Calculation10 3. 5Growth rate calculation10 3. 6Share valuation11 3. 7Comparison of valuation vs. actual data12 3. 8 Evaluation of the variation13 4. 0 Conclusion13 Appendix 1: Cash rate target14 Appendix 2: Market data for beta calculation14 Reference & Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16 . 0General background of the Firm Fortescue Metals Group Ltd is the New Force in Iron Ore and has joined the world's leading producers of iron ore. Since the Company was formed in 2003, its extraordinary growth has been unparalleled. Listed in the S;P/ASX 50 share index, Fortescue has firmly established itself as one of the world's largest producers and sea-borne traders of iron ore. From Construction to Production Construction of Fort escue's port, rail and mine project commenced in February 2006 with the turning of the first sod at the Company's port site at Anderson Point in Port Hedland.Just two years later in 2008, the open-access rail infrastructure was complete and  operations were underway  at the Fortescue Herb Elliott Port and at the Company's first minesite, Cloudbreak. Shipping started on 15 May 2008 and Project Completion was achieved within months. On 18 July 2008, Fortescue's fifth anniversary, the Company successfully mined, railed and shipped at a rate of 24mtpa (Million ton per annum) for a one month period. In the first full year of operations, Fortescue mined, railed and shipped more than 27 million tonnes of iron ore to customers in China. FinanceFortescue's project was founded on the raising of A$3. 7 billion capital, including A$1 billion equity, during two finance road shows in August 2006 and July 2007. The August 2006 raising was the largest single high-yield Asia-Pacific transaction, the largest high-yield bond project financing ever, one of the largest corporate bonds out of Australia and one of the largest global bond issues in the sector. Since then Fortescue has grown to become an S;P/ASX 50 company. Over 55,000 Australians have become shareholders in the proudly Australian founded and managed company.A substantial increase in Fortescue's Resource Inventory to 10. 03 billion tonnes in March 2011, including 1. 6 billion  tonnes of Reserves,  positioned the company as one of the world's major resource houses. This massive Resource Inventory was achieved in record time and was delineated from approximately 10 per cent of  Fortescue's 88,000 square kilometres of Pilbara tenements. 2. 0Capital Structure of the Firm 2. 1Funds raised by the company 1,326,316 number of Ordinary Shares were issued to generate A$6. 3 million. 2. 2Purpose of Fund 1,326,316 number of Ordinary Shares were issued as payment for a distribution of A$6. million due under the A$140m, R edeemable Preference Share issued with maturity on or before February 2017. 2. 3Announcement date of the issue The initial announcement date for this issue of the Ordinary Share was 15th September 2010. 2. 4Share return from two days before the announcement date to two days after the announcement. Holding Period Return=Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price ? 100 Holding Period Return=p1-p0p0 ? 100; P1 = Ending Price, P0 = Beginning Price | Date| Open| High| ow| Close| Volume| Adj Close*| 17 Sep 2010| 4. 87| 4. 92| 4. 83| 4. 84| 25,307,700| 4. 82| 16 Sep 2010| 5. 2| 5. 02| 4. 85| 4. 86| 15,360,000| 4. 84| 15 Sep 2010| 5. 03| 5. 08| 4. 99| 5. 03| 11,614,800| 5. 01| 14 S p 2010| 4. 99| 5. 07| 4. 97| 5. 02| 10,319,500| 5. 00| 13 Sep 2010| 4. 91| 5. 01| 4. 90| 4. 97| 14,643,800| 4. 95| | Closing price adjusted for dividend and splits Before the Announcement Date: Holding Period Return=p1-p0p0 ? 100 So, HPR=5. 02-4. 914. 91 ? 100 = 2. 24% After the Announcement Date: Holding Period Return=p1-p0p0 ? 100 So, HPR=4. 84-5. 025. 02 ? 100 = -3. 59% 2. 5Market Return same period | Date| Open| High| Low| Close| Volume| Adj Close*| 17 Sep 2010| 4,657. 70| 4,692. 50| 4,657. 0| 4,685. 10| 1,523,846,600| 4,685. 10| 16 Sep 2010| 4,703. 00| 4,707. 70| 4,648. 90| 4,650. 00| 1,813,657,000| 4,650. 00| 15 Sep 2010| 4,670. 10| 4,710. 50| 4,669. 90| 4,702. 70| 1,644,565,600| 4,702. 70| 14 Sep 2010| 4,661. 40| 4,688. 90| 4,661. 10| 4,669. 10| 1,422,233,600| 4,669. 10| 13 Sep 2010| 4,613. 30| 4,660. 90| 4,612. 70| 4,654. 20| 1,433,713,600| 4,654. 20| Closing price adjusted for dividend and splits Holding Period Return=Ending Price-Beginning PriceBeginning Price ? 100 Holding Period Return=p1-p0p0 ? 100; P1 = Ending Price, P0 = Beginning Price Before the Announcement Date:Holding Period Return=p1-p0p0 ? 100 So, HPR=4669. 10-4613. 304613. 30 ? 100 = 1. 21% After the Announcement Date: Holding Period Return=p1-p0p0 ? 100 So, HPR=4685. 10-47034703 ? 100 = -0. 38% 2. 6Market Perception From the above analysis it can be seen that the share performance of the company and the market was stable during the pre and post two days of the announcement. Previously before the announcement the performance of both is going the similar path (upward movement). On the other hand post announcement illustrated negative result (-3. 59% against -0. 38%) for Fortescue Metals Group Ltd.There might be two causes behind this; one, the share price have been over estimated for which the price had to be adjusted. Secondly, the investors did not take the fund raising issue positively as they might think it would not generate much fund for the company’s growth and thus unable to generate enough wealth for them. 2. 7Effect of recent financial crisis | | BlueScope| Fortescue Metals| Mount Gibson| OneSteel| Net Gearing| 2007| 0%| 0%| 0%| 46. 65%| | 2008| 0%| 0%| 25. 42%| 56. 72%| | 2009| 0%| 9%| 6. 29%| 28. 22%| | 2010| 14. 82%| 169. 90%| 3. 97%| 21. 45%| | 2011| 24. 43%| 183. 43%| -| 38. 36%|Table 1: Gearing ratio-peer analysis of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. We can conclude that the recent financial crisis did not affect the industry’s capital structure. As of now the mining industry is going boom. In the time of recession, most of the companies will not have enough profit to repay a debt so; investors are more interested in investing in mining industry rather than some other industry. By using the gearing ratio, it can be seen that Fortescue’s degree of leverage is higher, the more higher the  company is considered risky. However Fortescue Metals Ltd is very strong with their high growth rate compared to its competitors.For them paying off the debt would not be a big issue as they are enjoying three benefits which are; one, mining industry is going boom; two, Australian dollar (AUD) getting stronger; and three, Fortescue’s operations are well placed to maintain the 55mtpa rate across the 2012 financial year while development to 155mtpa conti nues in a mixture of brownfields and greenfields projects, scheduled to take place through to June 2013. 3. 0Valuation of shares The dividend discount multistage model is a procedure for valuing the price of a stock by using predicted dividends and discounting them back to present value.The idea is that if the value obtained from the dividend discount multistage model is higher than what the shares are currently trading at, then the stock is undervalued. Formula P0 = D11+R The required return can be calculated using the CAPM (capital asset pricing model) model, which becomes the cost capital of the project. Formula CAPM: E(r)= Rf+[? i (Rm-Rf)] 3. 1Risk free rate calculation The benchmark interest rate in Australia was last reported at 4. 75 percent. In Australia, interest rates decisions are taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia's Board.The interest rate needs to be adjusted yearly using the Effective Annual Rate. EAR = (1+in)n-1 EAR| 2011| 2010| 2009| Calculation| (1+. 0475/365)36 5-1| (1+. 0396/365)365-1| (1+. 0479/365)365-1| Rf| 4. 86%| 4. 03%| 4. 90%| Table 2: Risk Free rate 3. 2Market rate calculation The calculation of market return will include statistics from 5 years to counteract any data abnormality from recession or seasonal spikes. | 2005| 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| 2011| Calculation| 4,229. 93,546. 1-1| 5,034. 04,225. 9-1| 6,310. 65035. 4-1| 3,947. 85,345. 8-1| 3,947. 85,345. 8-1| 4,324. 83,934. 4-1| 4,659. 84,309. -1| Return| 0. 1928| 0. 1912| 0. 2532| -0. 1549| -0. 2615| 0. 0992| 0. 0811| Average Market return based on five years performance is: Rm2011 = (0. 2532-0. 1549-0. 2615+0. 0992+0. 0811)5 = 0. 0034 = 0. 34% Rm2010 = (0. 1912+. 2532-0. 1549-0. 2615+0. 0992)5 = 0. 0254 = 2. 54% Rm2009 = (0. 1928+0. 1912+0. 2532-0. 1549-0. 2615)5 = 0. 04416 = 4. 42% 3. 3Beta calculation: The beta is taken from FinAnalysis. Beta (? ) is a number describing the relation of its returns with those of the financial market as a whole. The beta coefficient is a key parameter in the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).It measures the part of the asset's statistical variance that cannot be removed by the diversification provided by the portfolio of many risky assets, because of the correlation of its returns with the returns of the other assets that are in the portfolio. Formula for Beta is: i=1n[Ri-ER]2n-1 Data from 2009 to 2011 has been used and a data of 3 years is used to calculate the beta. | 2009| 2010| 2011| ?| 0. 91| 0. 80| 0. 88| A beta of greater than 1 indicates that the security's price will be more volatile than the market. Fortescue Metals Ltd has a beta of 0. 88; therefore it is less volatile than the market. 3. CAPM Calculation: Hence, using Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as Required Return E(r)= Rf+[? i (Rm-Rf)] | 2009| 2010| 2011| Calculation| 4. 90% + [0. 88(4. 42%-4. 90%)]| 4. 03% + [0. 88(2. 54%-4. 03%)]| 4. 86% + [0. 88(0. 34%-4. 86%)]| Return| 4. 48%| 2. 72%| 0. 88%| Table 4: Cost of Capital 3. 5Growth Rate Calcula tion Growth rate calculation represents the  compounded annualized rate of growth of a company's revenues, earnings, dividends, etc. The formula for growth rate = Return on equity X Plowback ratio = ROE ? (1-DividendEPS) This growth rate will be used for the calculation of share prices for the last three years.ROE, DIV and EPS from 2009 to 2011 are shown below: | 2009| 2010| 2011| ROE| 13. 62%| 51. 57%| 75. 36%| DIV ($)| -| -| 7. 0| EPS ($)| 21. 90| 22. 12| 31. 88| Table 5: Financial data g2011 = ROE(2011) (1- Div(2011)/EPS(2011)) = 75. 36%(1-7/31. 88)= 58. 81% g2010 = ROE(2010) (1- Div(2010)/EPS(2010)) = 51. 57%(1-0/22. 12)= 51. 57% g2009 = ROE(2009) (1- Div(2009)/EPS(2009)) = 13. 62%(1-0/21. 90)= 13. 62% Below is the summary of the data discussed: Components| 2009| 2010| 2011| Er| 4. 48%| 2. 72%| 0. 88%| Rf| 4. 86%| 4. 03%| 4. 90%| Rm| 4. 42%| 2. 54%| 0. 34%| ?i| 0. 91| 0. 80| 0. 88| | 13. 62%| 51. 57%| 58. 81%| Table 6: Summarisation of component 3. 6Share Valuation To calculat e the value of the shares, we need to determine the method of valuation so; mixed stage dividend model can be used to calculate the value of the share. Bearing in mind the business nature, we can see an average of 41. 33% growth which is abnormally high. For the purpose of calculation we will presume this high growth rate will continue for another 40-45 years at least. As it is a new mining company and as we know that the return comes late so, the growth rate is high even after a long term.From 2053 onwards we assume that the business will grow at 7% rate, which we believe is a conservative approach, as because by then there will be many mining companies opening both domestically and internationally. China is progressing very fast and by next 15-20 years they will level up, not just China; India, South Africa, South America etc are also catching-up fast, so due to the high competition the market would not remain the same and it will change consecutively as forecasted. The valuation calculation will take this assumption towards establishing the model. P2009=i=20092012D0 (1+g)i(1+Ke)i + Pi(1+Ke)iP2010=i=20102012D0 (1+g)i(1+Ke)i + Pi(1+Ke)i P2011=i=20112012D0 (1+g)i(1+Ke)i + Pi(1+Ke)i | Growth Rate| Net Cash Flow| Cost of Capital| | D2009| | -13,643| 4. 48%| | D2010| | 1,877,963| 2. 72%| | D2011| 41. 33%| 4,206,365| 0. 88%| | D2012| 50%| 4,906,922| 0. 92%| | D2013| 55%| 6,767,080. 65| 0. 99%| | D2014| 60%| 10,435,594. 64| 0. 99%| | D2015| 60%| 16,587,385. 22| 0. 96%| | D2016| 60%| 26,477,415. 36| 0. 98%| | D2017| 60%| 42,346,454. 77| 1%| | D2018| 60%| 67,743,188. 44| 0. 95%| | D2019| 60%| 108,379,297. 7| 0. 96%| | D2020| 60%| 173,398,415. 1| 0. 98%| | D2021| 60%| 277,429,356. 2| 1%| |D2022| 60%| 443,881,664. 5| 0. 98%| | -| -| -| -| | D2052| 8. 19%| 13,101,273,811| 0. 98%| | D2053| 7%| 22,933,861. 67| 0. 98%| | | P2009| 3. 89| | P2010| 3. 61| | P2011| 5. 46| Table 7: Summary calculation 3. 7Comparison of valuation vs. actual data From the valuation calculated thr ough the process, now we will compare that with the actual data from the market. Year| Valuation Data| Actual Data| Variance| Comment| 2009| 3. 89| 3. 64| -6. 40%| Undervalued| 2010| 3. 61| 3. 96| 9. 64%| Overvalued| 2011| 5. 46| 5. 98| 9. 43%| Overvalued| Table 8: comparison of actual and calculated data 3. Evaluation of the variation The valuation of the shares seems to be in the right track compared with the market trend. Nevertheless, post state gives a more variable scenario. Dividend was replaced by using the net operation Cash Flow per share. The operation cash flow only represents the cash flow in the company’s operation activities; whilst the company also have investing activities and financing activities. Thus, only use of the operation cash flow in the valuation has a high percentage of uncertainty. According to the table above, the actual price is undervalued.The valuation can be endorsed to the lower than expected risk premium in the market resulting from the con trolled risk free rate determined by the government. Another issue can be AUD getting stronger compared to USD, resulting additional dent on the nominal cost of capital for the company. In the later part of the table, the actual price is overvalued. In order to illustrate this phenomenon, one possible reason is inflation. Inflation is an overall general rise in prices. As we know, global financial crisis happened few years back, the effect of the financial crisis was significant on the whole market and caused inflation.Therefore, due to inflation, the market prices are higher than the actual prices. Another possible reason is some unpredicted economic/natural events happened during this period and lead to movements of the market price. On the other hand the factors can be attributed to the assumptions and predictions using the calculation components. CAPM formula and Beta calculation has its own risk and de-merits. The growth rate is strongly manipulated by the industry’s lan dscape, economic status and political issues.The information available could also affect the actual share prices in the market which will impact on decision making for share buyers/sellers. The share price valuation will be varied from one investor to another depends on their information. As there is an existence of asymmetric information in the market, one cannot estimate the share price exactly the same with the actual share price. Besides, the investors behaviour are different between one another, hence, the pattern of the actual share price is not only based on market returns in general, but also depends on whether the level of the risk that the investors are willing to bear. . 0Conclusion In conclusion, we need to consider about inflation and unpredicted events when we investigate the market price. In addition, we need to distinguish nominal interest rate and real interest rate when we calculate. Appendix 1: Cash rate target: Effective date| New cash rate| Adjusted cash rate| | | 2011| 4. 75| 5 May 2010| 4. 75| 2010| 3. 96| 7 Apr 2010| 4. 50| | | 3 Mar 2010| 4. 25| | | 2 Dec 2009| 4. 00| | | 4 Nov 2009| 3. 75| | | 7 Oct 2009| 3. 50| | | 8 Apr 2009| 3. 00| | | 4 Feb 2009| 3. 25| 2009| 4. 79| 3 Dec 2008| 4. 25| | | 5 Nov 2008| 5. 25| | | 8 Oct 2008| 6. 00| | | 3 Sep 2008| 7. 00| | |Appendix 2: Market Data for beta calculation: Date| Open| High| Low| Close| Volume| Adj Close| 3/10/2011| 0. 81| 0. 94| 0. 79| 0. 89| 18267300| 0. 89| 1/09/2011| 0. 85| 0. 9| 0. 74| 0. 82| 16091200| 0. 82| 1/08/2011| 0. 87| 0. 92| 0. 68| 0. 85| 15948300| 0. 85| 1/07/2011| 0. 98| 1. 01| 0. 86| 0. 88| 11603100| 0. 88| 1/06/2011| 1. 09| 1. 09| 0. 94| 0. 98| 17479100| 0. 98| 2/05/2011| 1. 32| 1. 33| 1. 03| 1. 08| 21843500| 1. 08| 1/04/2011| 1. 29| 1. 37| 1. 25| 1. 32| 17067200| 1. 32| 1/03/2011| 1. 29| 1. 3| 1. 17| 1. 29| 18402900| 1. 29| 1/02/2011| 1. 34| 1. 46| 1. 28| 1. 3| 14583200| 1. 3| 4/01/2011| 1. 4| 1. 42| 1. 33| 1. 35| 10259000| 1. 5| 1/12/2010| 1. 37| 1. 46| 1. 36| 1. 4| 1 8060000| 1. 4| 1/11/2010| 1. 44| 1. 49| 1. 32| 1. 37| 15254000| 1. 37| 1/10/2010| 1. 45| 1. 55| 1. 4| 1. 45| 12209300| 1. 45| 1/09/2010| 1. 47| 1. 57| 1. 44| 1. 47| 10714700| 1. 47| 2/08/2010| 1. 48| 1. 52| 1. 33| 1. 44| 12983000| 1. 43| 1/07/2010| 1. 3| 1. 51| 1. 29| 1. 48| 10254300| 1. 46| 1/06/2010| 1. 52| 1. 52| 1. 26| 1. 32| 17287600| 1. 3| 3/05/2010| 1. 72| 1. 76| 1. 4| 1. 51| 19697600| 1. 5| 1/04/2010| 1. 79| 1. 83| 1. 72| 1. 73| 12311100| 1. 71| 1/03/2010| 1. 62| 1. 86| 1. 62| 1. 8| 16808300| 1. 78| 1/02/2010| 1. 7| 1. 88| 1. 64| 1. 65| 17412500| 1. 63| 4/01/2010| 1. 74| 1. 88| 1. 7| 1. 73| 13261300| 1. 71| 1/12/2009| 1. 63| 1. 75| 1. 56| 1. 74| 8904800| 1. 72| 2/11/2009| 1. 55| 1. 77| 1. 52| 1. 63| 11449600| 1. 62| 1/10/2009| 1. 72| 1. 8| 1. 52| 1. 61| 14759100| 1. 59| 1/09/2009| 1. 46| 1. 75| 1. 42| 1. 72| 18761900| 1. 7| 3/08/2009| 1. 49| 1. 55| 1. 4| 1. 47| 18455600| 1. 46| 1/07/2009| 1. 19| 1. 48| 1. 07| 1. 48| 15136300| 1. 46| 1/06/2009| 1. 15| 1. 35| 1. 15| 1. 22| 156 24600| 1. 21| 1/05/2009| 1. 18| 1. 18| 0. 99| 1. 14| 15047200| 1. 13| 1/04/2009| 1. 01| 1. 19| 1. 01| 1. 18| 16260500| 1. 17| 2/03/2009| 0. 95| 1. 08| 0. 8| 1. 01| 18923300| 1. 01| 2/02/2009| 1. 35| 1. 39| 0. 92| 1. 08| 9490000| 1. 07| /01/2009| 1. 64| 1. 76| 1. 25| 1. 4| 5383300| 1. 39| 1/12/2008| 1. 4| 1. 67| 1. 33| 1. 63| 7776700| 1. 62| 3/11/2008| 1. 94| 2. 09| 1. 12| 1. 35| 8740000| 1. 34| 1/10/2008| 2. 75| 2. 76| 1. 85| 1. 92| 6877000| 1. 9| 1/09/2008| 2. 82| 3. 11| 2. 59| 2. 64| 7193700| 2. 62| 1/08/2008| 2. 65| 3. 05| 2. 58| 2. 82| 10400800| 2. 79| 1/07/2008| 2. 9| 3. 2| 2. 57| 2. 75| 8612800| 2. 72| References & Bibliography * http://www. asx. com. au/asx/research/companyInfo. do? by=asxCode&asxCode=FMG * http://www. investsmart. com. au/shares/asx/Fortescue-Metals-Group-FMG. asp * http://www. fxj. com. au/shareholders/Fairfax_AnnualReport_2011. df * http://www. fmgl. com. au/IRM/Company/ShowPage. aspx/PDFs/2147-13354473/Appendix3 bAllotmentofShares * http://au. finance. ya hoo. com/q/ao? s=FMG. AX * http://datanalysis. morningstar. com. au. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/af/company/issuedcapital? ASXCode=FMG&page=1&resultsperpage=25&xsl_predicate=&xsl_start_year=1999&xsl_end_year=2011&active=ISU_Sec1&xsl_start_date=1999-01-01&xsl_end_date=2011-12-31&xtm-licensee=dat#Active_ISU_Sec2 * http://www. asx. com. au/asx/statistics/announcements. do? by=asxCode&asxCode=fmg&timeframe=Y&year=2010 * http://www. specthuntley. com. au. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/af/company/mainview? ASXCode=FMG * http://au. finance. yahoo. com/q/hp? s=FMG. AX&a=06&b=1&c=2008&d=05&e=30&f=2011&g=m * http://www. asx. com. au/research/market-statistics. htm ——————————————– [ 1 ]. http://www. fmgl. com. au/IRM/Company/ShowPage. aspx/PDFs/2147-13354473/Appendix3bAllotmentofShares [ 2 ]. http://au. finance. yahoo. com/q/hp? s=FMG. AX&a=08&b=13&c=2010&d=08&e=17&f=2010&g=d [ 3 ]. http: //au. finance. yahoo. com/q/hp? s=%5EAORD&a=08&b=13&c=2010&d=08&e=17&f=2010&g=d [ 4 ]. ttp://www. bluescopesteel. com/investors/annual-reports [ 5 ]. http://www. igo. com. au/IRM/content/investor/annualreports. htm [ 6 ]. http://www. mtgibsoniron. com. au/pages2/InvestRelations. aspx? PageID=IR_AR [ 7 ]. http://www. aspecthuntley. com. au. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/af/company/annualratios? ASXCode=OST&xtm-licensee=finanalysis [ 8 ]. http://www. investopedia. com/terms/d/ddm. asp#axzz1aBqlpkfj Table 3: Market return [ 9 ]. http://www. tradingeconomics. com/australia/interest-rate [ 10 ]. http://www. aspecthuntley. com. au. ezproxy. lib. monash. edu. au/af/company/annualps

Free Essays on Sputnik

Sputnik It was that blasted â€Å"beep, beep, beep† every 90 minutes reminding the United States, â€Å"Rah, we beat you!† History changed on October 4th 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik. The Russian’s launched the first artificial satellite from the Baikonur cosmodrone in Kazakhstan which demonstrated the technological superiority of Communism, actually more of a propaganda pain for the United States. The Sputnik launch occurred back in the days when the Americans and the Russians regarded each other as enemies, also known as the â€Å"cold war.† They built massive armies, navies, and air forces and were prepared to engage in global war at a moments notice. American military manuals regarded the Russians as â€Å"The Threat,† and the Soviet Government went as far as training non-military to use small guns to prepare for an invasion from â€Å"The Imperialists.† Sputnik had an elliptical orbit, ranging in altitude from 140 to 590 miles. Sputnik broadcast a steady signal of beeps from two radios for 21 days. It burned up in the earth’s atmosphere upon reentry, 92 days later, on January 4, 1958. It was designed to determine the density of the upper atmosphere and return data about the earth’s ionosphere. Those who did track it gained valuable information about the density of the upper atmosphere. The sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world’s attention and the American public off guard. The public feared that the Soviets’ ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. The United States was shocked. Senator Lyndon Johnson said the Russians have was ahead of us in the conquest of space. A line from a movie that dramatized the emotional impact of the launch said, â€Å"Soon, they will be dropping bombs on us from space like kids dropping rocks o... Free Essays on Sputnik Free Essays on Sputnik Sputnik It was that blasted â€Å"beep, beep, beep† every 90 minutes reminding the United States, â€Å"Rah, we beat you!† History changed on October 4th 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik. The Russian’s launched the first artificial satellite from the Baikonur cosmodrone in Kazakhstan which demonstrated the technological superiority of Communism, actually more of a propaganda pain for the United States. The Sputnik launch occurred back in the days when the Americans and the Russians regarded each other as enemies, also known as the â€Å"cold war.† They built massive armies, navies, and air forces and were prepared to engage in global war at a moments notice. American military manuals regarded the Russians as â€Å"The Threat,† and the Soviet Government went as far as training non-military to use small guns to prepare for an invasion from â€Å"The Imperialists.† Sputnik had an elliptical orbit, ranging in altitude from 140 to 590 miles. Sputnik broadcast a steady signal of beeps from two radios for 21 days. It burned up in the earth’s atmosphere upon reentry, 92 days later, on January 4, 1958. It was designed to determine the density of the upper atmosphere and return data about the earth’s ionosphere. Those who did track it gained valuable information about the density of the upper atmosphere. The sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world’s attention and the American public off guard. The public feared that the Soviets’ ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. The United States was shocked. Senator Lyndon Johnson said the Russians have was ahead of us in the conquest of space. A line from a movie that dramatized the emotional impact of the launch said, â€Å"Soon, they will be dropping bombs on us from space like kids dropping rocks o...

Your Home Base Online

Your Home Base Online Ah, got a little push back from last weeks post about how writers shouldnt post articles or try to sell books without an online presence. I love pushing those buttons. Some thought writing was about the creativity, not necessarily about the sales. They purported the webpage as almost selling out, and that the artist need not tie himself to an online page. Others just did not feel techie enough to have a site, but they felt okay enough to submit to others. Sorry, but you cant USE the Internet to support yourself then state you dont need it. These days, if you use it, you best have a link to where people can learn more. Otherwise, you wasted your effort. Not having a link means you write for you and nobody else. You want the satisfaction of seeing your work in print, but you dont want to connect with the reader. I wrote an eleven minute podcast on that topic this week, entitled Face-to-Face? Or Face-to-Screen? chopeclark.com/blog Whether you need a home base online is not up for discussion. But you have options if you are HTML/CSS phobic. Lets look at where you can find a home base online. Blogger.com A very simple blog platform that can be used as a simple website. Wordpress.com Same as Blogger with a tad more of a learning curve. Facebook Yes, a fan page can be your home page if you keep it professional. Tumblr If youre a picture fan and prefer brief comments, this is your ba LinkedIn For your resume and experience. Its becoming quite interactive. AboutMe A one-page info sheet about you with a cool way to insert pics. Weebly.com Simple website, but try to avoid making it look like a 1999 template. And heres one you probably never thought of: Pubslush.com. Its a crowdfunding program but also a homebase program if you choose to use that side of the house. Its where you can plant yourself as well as sell your books. I once landed a $750 opportunity because I had my resume online. Someone Googled me and found I was qualified for her magazines assignment. It happens. Not having an online address is like not having a mailing address. When people cannot find you in this technical time and age, they assume you dont need work, dont care to work, or dont have respect for your work. Show them otherwise, and plant yourself a flag on some page online, then tell everyone where you can be found.

Terrorism and the Mass Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Terrorism and the Mass Media - Essay Example This paper argues that the media unnecessarily and irresponsibly represents the threat of terrorism particularly since the 9/11 terror attacks on US soil. In other words, the media engages moral panic in reporting and informing the public of the threat of terrorism. This paper is therefore divided into two main parts. The first part of this paper sets out the theoretical underpinnings of moral panic. The second part of this paper identifies how the theoretical underpinnings of moral panic are manifested in the media’s coverage of terrorism since the 9/11 terror attacks on the US. Moral Panic This paper analyzes the degree of moral panic used in the mass media in its coverage of terrorism following the 9/11 terror attacks. In this regard, moral panic is used within the theoretical structure espoused by Stan Cohen in 1973. According to Cohen (1973, cited in Critcher, 2003) every now and again, societies are seized by moral panic. To this end, moral panic is characterized by six essential features. First there is a â€Å"condition, episode, person or group or persons† who are defined as a â€Å"threat to societal values and interests†. Secondly, the nature of the perceived threat and the individuals or groups involved are represented in â€Å"stylized and stereotypical fashion by the mass media†.... Finally, â€Å"the condition then disappears, submerges or deteriorates and becomes more visible.†9 According to Critcher (2003) Cohen was describing a chain reaction instigated by the media’s exaggerated coverage of deviance among a group of young people who had come together on England’s east coast in 1964. The youth were identified as Mods and Rockers. At the gathering, the youth became bored and a number of minor altercations took place and the police were involved. The headlines in the Newspapers bored catchphrases such as â€Å"wild one†, â€Å"97 arrests† and â€Å"terror†.10 One editorial demanded that government take action and another newspaper explained friction between the two groups.11 Another incident allegedly involving Mods and Rockers occurred shortly after the first incident in other coastal towns. The newspaper carried essentially the same types of exaggerated reports as before. The spillover effect was evidenced by the jud iciary’s treatment of those who had been arrested. Many were denied bail, others were subjected to excessive fines for minor offences such as obstruction and those facing more serious offences were incarcerated. Local business representatives, citizens and politicians called for harsher consequences. Thus, according to Critchen â€Å" a whole new social problem had been defined†.12 A series of legislative interventions were observed with the passage of the Drugs (Prevention of Misuse) Act and the Malicious Damage Act. Other interventions included the police actively turning young people away from resorts on the coast. Anyone failing to take the police advice would be arrested. By 1966, gatherings on the coast diminished and

Improvements to Ethical Corporate Evaluation Assignment

Improvements to Ethical Corporate Evaluation - Assignment Example I would also define the standards of procedures that are to be used in the corporate compliance program (Hasnas 54). They could range anywhere from the code of ethics to the internal controls for prime risk areas. A quicker response to problems that border the element of criminal conduct should be implemented as well as instituting limitations in order to prevent parallel occurrences. 2. Fraud: this is using individual influence to get away with the property of another individual. Fraudulent cases often involve the deception of clients into investing their money into places where it will not return. 3. Cheating: as per the term, this element involves an individual or company making false statements to the intended client in order to get them to invest their money in their businesses. Many fortune 500 company officials are in jail for cheating. 4. Violation of workers’ rights: this is an issue that has been noticed in a majority of companies. This happens when the employees in a company are treated unfairly in a manner that is not in accordance with the rules and regulations of the company. 5. Ignoring health, safety, and environmental issues: this is a major ethical issue that has to be addressed. These conditions could result in injury or causing sickness to one or more of the employees working in an area which has not had its health, safety, and environmental issues checked. 6. Labor conditions: some of the issues affecting labor conditions are the employment of child laborers. This is an ethical problem that goes beyond the humanitarian bracket. Use of child laborers id unethical and is punishable by law. 7. Corruption: this is an ethical concern that has been constantly addressed, but has failed to heed the call. Corruption involves the taking part in unlawful business dealings that often includes the aspect of bribery to facilitate the execution of a business deal.

Chemical castration and pedophiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chemical castration and pedophiles - Essay Example While many times the law enforcement agencies and the justice system have been in support of chemical castration in dealing with paedophiles, human rights activities have come up strongly to oppose the method, with claims that it amounts to a gross violation of the universal human rights. It is, however, emergent that the act does not violate human rights as is echoed by many proponents (Meiesenkothen, 1). These human rights are spelt out in both the constitutions of respective countries and the United Nations. This paper shall be focused on why chemical castration is a necessary measure in dealing with the matter of paedophilia. Thus this paper shall be written on the basis of the thesis statement that reads thus: While some people bear the claim that chemical castration amounts to a violation of human rights, chemical castration can serve as an effective measure in the rehabilitation of paedophiles, especially paraphilia, by mitigating to a significant level the sexual urges of off enders and in the same sense avoiding more instances of sexual abuse (Fond, 18). The employment of chemical translation can be traced back to 1944. Back then, a chemical called the diethylstilbestrol was used to manipulate the hormonal reactions of sexual offenders by lowering their levels of testosterone. The trend has continued to be widely debated all over the world, with debates being held all over the world by legislators and governments so as to explore the possibilities of employing chemical castration in punishment of sexual violence perpetrators. Paedophilia is a major problem for many countries. Paedophilia is a case where an adult involves a child under the age of maturity in sexual activities. In some cases, this kind of an offence is seen as a medical condition of a psychological nature. In most cases of paedophilia, the courts instruct that the suspect undertakes an examination to determine the status of their mental health. In law, it has become

Arabs And Islam In The Mass Media Media Essay

Arabs And Islam In The Mass Media Media Essay The perception of Arabs and Islam throughout history has been influenced by the political elite, the mass media and the Hollywood film industry. .Arabs and Muslims have always been represented as one in popular discourse when in fact the majority of Muslims are not of Arab background. This paper will demonstrate the stereotypes and generalisation by examining Hollywood films in the 20th century. Juan Cole a professor of modern Middle East and South Asian history says I think Anti-Arab racism profiling has become respectable. Islam has always been a contentious issue brought up by the media often linked with terrorism, extremism and the widespread notion that conflict between the Arab Muslims and the West is inevitable. These stereotypes and generalisations have been around for the many centuries in particular throughout the 20th century in the Western world through one of the main drivers which is visual media. According to a poll completed by the Washington Post in 2006, forty-six percent of Americans have a negative view of Islam; these statistics are higher than the polls that were held in 2001 after the events of September 11. In the same article the Washington Post mentions that conservative and liberal experts believe that the attitudes created towards Islam are fuelled in part by political statements and media reports that focus almost solely on the actions of Muslim extremists. In the West, mainstream media does not provide an accurate representation of Muslims that represents their ethnic, racial, cultural and national diversity. It means that a majority of the Western world do not understand the multi cultural and diversity of the Muslims due to what they see in the films and the mass media. Michael France the Vice President of government relations for the Conservative Heritage Foundation states that Political leaders do not help the problem by sometimes using language that links all Muslims with extremists. In his quote he acknowledges the fact there is a problem, this problem is a result of what people see in the media of Arabs and Islam. There is a tendency in the media to focus on one aspect of Islam. Consequently, when the only representation of Muslims in the mass media is as terrorists or extremists, and there is minimal focus on the lives of the ordinary mainstream Muslims, consumers of the media begin to shape their opinions of Islam and Muslims through extremism and terrorism. Similarly the Middle East, Islam and Arabs are all characterised as one and not distinguished. It is very problematic to view and understand a vast and complex region such as the Middle East through such a selected and distorted guise. It takes away the humanity and diversity of millions of ordinary people living decent and humane lives. These unrealistic representations also have the ability to put fear in people, causing all Muslims and all Arabs, irrespective of their reli gion, to be perceived as threats. There has been a consistent pattern of Arab stereotypes throughout the 20th century. These stereotypes are mainly conveyed through cinema. Hollywood has a tendency of projecting those of Middle Eastern appearance as villains and associate them with certain stereotypes. These stereotypes include the oil rich Arabs who are too dumb to know the value of money and are trying to buy chunks of America, exotic woman wearing see through dresses belly dancing, the magic flying carpet and one of the most common stereotypes which is the Arab terrorist that hates America. Yet, despite these perceptions that are revealed within the films they are also far extended to cartoons that are created for the younger viewers. A great example of this is Aladdin (1992), directed by John Musker  and  Ron Clements. The film was seen by millions of viewers world wide. In this film they have recycled every stereotype that goes back to the start of film that was originally inspired by the arts of the Orient. The opening seen of Aladdin, being with a song which contain the lyrics Oh, I come from a land, a faraway place, Where the caravan camels roam, were they cut of your ears, if they dont like your face, its barbaric, but hey its home. For a film that is specifically aimed towards the younger generations, this dialogue is not only inappropriate but discriminates against all Arabs in general. In comparison if such vile words was to be directed towards another kind it would be deemed unacceptable by society. Carl Ernst, Chair of religion studies at the University of North Carolina quoted In the movies Arabs are the equivalent of Hollywood Indians. Out of every film ever made in the 20th century, nearly 25% of them have demeaned and generalised Arabs as being all the same and as just one thing. This reflects on the preconceived notion of the Western worlds perception of Arabs that is widely held. Furthermore, political views have also been expressed in many films such as the 1996 film Cast a Giant Shadow (1996) directed by Melville Shavelson where one of the main characters refers to the state of Israel and quotes Now here is a country surrounded by 5 Arab nations ready to shove them in the Mediterranean, no guns, no tanks, no nothing, people fighting with their bare hands for little piece of desert. Another famous movie Death before dishonour (1982) directed by Terry Leonard, Palestinian terrorists, invade a house and in cold blood slaughters an Israeli family. His film has scenes of American soldiers being kidnapped and horrifically tortured by Palestinian terrorists, and mobs of Arab protestors with beards and head turbans outside the American embassy burning the American flag. The film company Cannon, created by two Israeli producers Gholam and Globus in their 20 years at least 30 of their films vilifies all things Arab, in particular Palestinians. Many political policies and propaganda are reflected through cinema. Jack Valenti who was the president of the Motion Picture Association of America for 38 years said that Washington and Hollywood sprung from the same DNA. To solidify the connections between politics and Hollywood all that is needed is to look at many of the Hollywood films which state produced in cooperation with the department of defence. We see all these things that demonise and stereotypes Arabs and Muslims as being this one thing and the generalisation of one quarter of the worlds population. Bruce Lawrence a professor of Religion at Duke University says the media is still representing Muslim images as that of forty years ago when the majority of Muslims were Arabs. When people think of the Middle East many people are inclined to have a pre-conceived notion of what kind of people live their, their beliefs and culture without having been there or studied them or even know someone from there. The Western world seems to look at the Middle East through a camera that distorts the actual reality of those places and those people. They have an unrealistic representation formed by the media and popular culture that tends to form stereotypical views and prevent cross-cultural understanding. Perceptions of any race or ethnicity can affect decisions regarding them. This is evident due to the impact of peoples opinions. The way people think and form their opinions can be significantly influenced by what they see in the mass media. The opinions that people have had on certain events and affairs in the past and present have greatly impacted the outcomes. During the Vietnam War, America was in Vietnam as an authority but the general public opinion of the Americans was incomplete disagreement with the government. This eventually resulted in Americas withdrawal from Vietnam. Public opinion has proven itself to have been the cause of many significant and vital decisions made throughout the worlds history till present. The main reason that these perceptions are so effective especially in the case of Arabs and Muslims is a result of the twenty two Arab nations that have allowed themselves to be orientalised and to have continued with the way they are depicted by the West of them all being alike. This is due to the fact that they are in need of Americas support so they are not going to be criticising the West or engage themselves in proper dialogue anytime soon. In that respect the Arabs keep themselves in a way that collectively fulfils the kinds of representations that most westerners have in their minds about them which strengthens all these generalisations and stereotypes within Western societies and seem to people to be the truth about Arabs and Islam. Causes of these perspectives that we receive from the mass media also come down to the difficulties in receiving different perspectives from different news sources when they are owned by a small minority of individually owned giant corporations. T he major corporations in America own eighty percent of the television sector of the media. Viacom owns CBS, NBC owns Electric; Walt Disney owns ABC and News Corporation owns the Fox Broadcasting Company. These small amounts of major corporations have turned the media in to a monopolistic industry and as a result the majority of Americans are receiving limited views and perceptions. The stereotypes and generalisation of any race and ethnicity is very problematic especially in the case of Arab countries where a major proportion of the international key issues throughout the 20th century have revolved around them and their influences. Its the consistency of these stereotypes and perceptions of Arabs and Islam throughout history that has made these stereotypes so harmful. People are capable of subconsciously believing in them which manipulates the way that they perceive Arabs and Islam.

Christian Thoughts :: essays research papers

LONG AGO, or maybe not so long ago, there was a tribe in a dark, cold cavern. The cave dwellers would huddle together and cry against the chill. Loud and long they wailed. It was all they did. It was all they knew to do. The sounds in the cave were mournful, but the people didn’t know it, for had never known life. But then, one day, they heard a different voice. â€Å"I have heard your cries,† it announced. â€Å"I have felt your chill and seen your darkness. I have come to help.† The cave people grew quiet. They had never heard this voice. Hope sounded strange to their ears. â€Å"How can we know you have come to help?† â€Å"Trust me,† he answered. â€Å"I have what you need.† The cave people peered through the darkness at the figure of the stranger. He was stacking something, then stooping and stacking more. â€Å"What are you doing?† one cried, nervous. The stranger didn’t answer. â€Å"What are you making?† one shouted even louder. Still no response. â€Å"Tell us!† demanded a third. The visitor stood and spoke in the direction of the voices. â€Å"I have what you need.† With that he turned to the pile at his feet and lit it. Wood ignited, flames erupted, and light filled the cavern. The cave people turned away in fear. â€Å"Put it out!† they cried. â€Å"It hurts to see it.† â€Å"Light always hurts before it helps,† he answered. â€Å"Step closer. The pain will soon pass.† â€Å"Not I,† declared a voice. â€Å"Nor I,† agreed a second. â€Å"Only a fool would risk exposing his eyes to such light.† The stranger stood next to the fire. â€Å"Would you prefer the darkness? Would you prefer the cold? Don’t consult your fears. Take a step of faith.† For a long time no one spoke. The people hovered in groups covering their eyes. The firebuilder stood next to the fire. â€Å"It’s warm here,† he invited. â€Å"He’s right,† one from behind him announced. â€Å"It’s warmer.† The stranger turned and saw a figure slowly stepping toward the fire. â€Å"I can open my eyes now,† she proclaimed. â€Å"I can see.† â€Å"Come closer,† invited the fire builder. She did. She stepped into the ring of light. â€Å"It’s so warm!† She extended her hands and sighed as her chill began to pass. â€Å"Come, everyone! Feel the warmth,† she invited. â€Å"Silence, woman!† cried one of the cave dwellers. â€Å"Dare you lead us into your folly? Leave us and take your light with you.† She turned to the stranger. â€Å"Why won’t they come?

Disadvantage of Science Essay

* Due to advancement of science, the identity and cultures are faded; the diseases are produced at an alarming rate and pollution is increased in geometric ratio. * Because of the advancement of science in unwanted business, people are so busy that even a child cannot recognize a father. * Many illegal and prohibited works are increased. * One is not able to take a sound sleep and breathe fresh air. * The black history of Hiroshima and Nagasaki shows how dreadful the unwanted advancement in science has been made. * The misuse of science and its inventions have bought human life in complete destruction. It has invented very powerful weapons like nuclear bomb, missiles, hydrogen bomb and so on which can destroy the property and can lost large sum of money, which has negative effects on other aspects but we minutely realized it, it will surely lead to success. * Nuclear energy is useful but disposal of nuclear waste poses a serious problem to humanity. * Insecticides have increased the food supply but they a lot of harm to birds, fishes and useful insects. * Chemistry which is also a branch of science has given many drugs like cocaine, brown sugar etc. which are proving a curse to the society. * Vibration coming from mobile phone affects our heart and brain, touch sreen mobile phones can lead to finger cancer and its result can be much too dangerous for us. * Science and technology has made our life too smaller. It can be proved by comparing the life time of our ancestors and us. Our ancestors lived for more than 80 years but now the life ratio has come down and reached to maximum of seventy years. * The disadvantages of science has not only grabbed us but also grabbed the living creatures like animals, insects, bees, etc. * The vibration produced from mobile phones kills bees. Some years after end of honey bees’ whole life of human life will also finish. * Animals get problem in taking breathe due to harmful gases being produced from industries and factories dependent on science and technology. From all above comments we can say that although science and technology has great advantages but all are small near its disadvantages we should use it only in necessity, not in the work which can easily be done by us. Homemade Egg Cake(Without Using Oven) /Pressure Cooker cake Ingredients: Plain flour (maida) – 1 and 1/2 cup Powdered sugar – 1 cup Egg – 1 Plain butter – 1/2 cup Baking soda – 1 teaspoon Milk – 1 cup Vanilla essence – 1 teaspoon Method: Cake Preparation Mix powdered sugar and butter together and stir them pretty hard till the mixture becomes light and fluffy. Beat the egg very well until it becomes lighter and looks like double the original quantity. Add the beaten egg to sugar-butter mixture and Mix well thoroughly. In a bowl, add plain flour (maida) and baking powder and sieve it to avoid any lump. Now gradually add this maida mixture, to the egg-sugar-butter batter. As you stir the mixture, it will become dense. Add some milk in small amount to make it smooth. Repeat the process of adding maida and then milk as required, till batter should look fluffy and soft. Add Vanilla essence to the batter and again blend thoroughly. Now grease the baking tin (or cake tin) with butter.Use aluminium tine for baking and it can easily get into the pressure cooker.Pour the mixture into the greased baking tin. Put the sand in the pressure cooker 1/4 filled and heat the pressure cooker on high flame for 2 minutes. Lower the flame from high to low after 2 minutes. Now put the cake tin containing the cake batter, inside the cooker.( Do not put water inside the pressure cooker) Close the cooker with cloth(use of keeping the cloth is to absorb water vapour) and put another plate over the cloth( see the below image). Let it cook for 40 minutes, then switch off the heat. Do not open the lid immediately. After 10 minutes open the lid to check whether the cake is done. Put a knife inside the cake to test whether the cake is completely cooked or not. If the mixture will not stick on it, means that cake is done.

Ethic In Psychotheraphy “Easily within our reach”

Barnett, J. E. (2008) The ethical practice of psychotherapy: easily within our reach. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 569-575. The main purpose of this article is†¦ [State as accurately as possible the author’s purpose (goal, intention, desired outcome) for writing this article] To inform psychotherapists that with all the different strategies an dilemmas they deal with that they have to always go by the APA ethics codes and the state laws an always protect your clients and yourself.The problem to be solved is†¦ [Identify the problem or issue the author is addressing in this article] In everyday life we have ethical dilemma issues, but when you’re in psychotherapists shoes you have to watch how you address these issue. You have to go by the APA ethic codes and the state laws. The point of view of the author is†¦ [Identify the author’s position or point of view in this article; who or what group does he represent?]Psychotherapists can adopt t o several strategies in their efforts to practice ethically, these include positive or aspirational ethics, risk management, and defensive practice. (Barnett, 2007) The information the author provides to support his position is†¦ [How do we know there is a problem? What evidence is there that this problem exists? ] The author J.E Barnett has several different psychotherapists’ case examples such as: â€Å"Informed Consent to Psychotherapy: Protecting the Dignity and Respecting the Autonomy of Patients†; â€Å"Can You Keep a Secret? Confidentiality in Psychotherapy† and other â€Å"Psychotherapy Termination: Clinical and Ethical Responsibilities. To show you these different ethical dilemma issues. The main conclusion[s] in this article are†¦ [Identify the key conclusions or solutions to the problem the author provides in this article] To provide a solid foundation for ethical practice.And how to try not to prevent these dilemmas, how to respond to thes e types of dilemmas and to check the ethic of codes and the laws and to protect you and more importantly your client. If we accept the author’s line of reasoning, the implications are†¦ [What possible or probable consequences does the author’s argument imply for the practice of psychotherapy? ] For psychotherapists to always serve the best interests of every psychotherapists and even more important , the best interests of our clients. Ethic In Psychotheraphy â€Å"Easily within our reach† Barnett, J. E. (2008) The ethical practice of psychotherapy: easily within our reach. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64(5), 569-575. The main purpose of this article is†¦ [State as accurately as possible the author’s purpose (goal, intention, desired outcome) for writing this article] To inform psychotherapists that with all the different strategies an dilemmas they deal with that they have to always go by the APA ethics codes and the state laws an always protect your clients and yourself.The problem to be solved is†¦ [Identify the problem or issue the author is addressing in this article] In everyday life we have ethical dilemma issues, but when you’re in psychotherapists shoes you have to watch how you address these issue. You have to go by the APA ethic codes and the state laws. The point of view of the author is†¦ [Identify the author’s position or point of view in this article; who or what group does he represent?Psychotherapists can adopt to several strategies in their efforts to practice ethically, these include positive or aspirational ethics, risk management, and defensive practice. (Barnett, 2007) The information the author provides to support his position is†¦ [How do we know there is a problem? What evidence is there that this problem exists? BusinessThe author J.E Barnett has several different psychotherapists’ case examples such as: â€Å"Informed Consent to Psychotherapy: Protecting the Dignity and Respecting the Autonomy of Patients†; â€Å"Can You Keep a Secret? Confidentiality in Psychotherapy† and other â€Å"Psychotherapy Termination: Clinical and Ethical Responsibilities. To show you these different ethical dilemma issues. The main conclusion[s] in this article are†¦ [Identify the key conclusions or solutions to the problem the author provides in this article] To provide a solid foundation for ethical practice.And how to try not to prevent these dilemmas, how to respond to these types of dilemmas and to check the ethic of codes and the laws and to protect you and more importantly your client. If we accept the author’s line of reasoning, the implications are†¦ [What possible or probable consequences does the author’s argument imply for the practice of psychotherapy? ] For psychotherapists to always serve the best interests of every psychotherapists and even more important , the best interests of our clients.