From Spiritual Leader to English Milk Maid: Colonialism and Maasai Women :: Essays Papers

From Spiritual Leader to English Milk Maid: Colonialism and Maasai Women Before Western burden of the country state, Maasai people kept up covering places of intensity and social distinction among fluctuating age gatherings. For a considerable length of time, there was no reasonable, gendered differentiation between the local and the general population/political areas, or among social, monetary and political exercises (36). However with the new pioneer boundaries of male Maasai power bring forth from Western social frameworks, the Maasai grasped new methods of control and authority, turning out to be something that may be classified male centric (16). In this new pastoralist framework, ethnic changes were ignored, industrialist benefit drove remote local relations and Maasai ladies lost the spot of respect and authority inside Maasai originations of being Maasai. Before pilgrim contact, wedded ladies were fundamentally more compelling than ordinarily assumed. As far as riches and economy, wedded ladies kept her very own sizeable yield dairy cattle with selective rights to milk and results of her crowd and kept up joins with neighboring agrarian gatherings, exchanging surplus milk, stows away, smallstock and even jackasses for the required grain and food stuffs (30). Ladies customarily made a trip to business sectors and exchanging settlements, visited companions and family members at neighboring properties (27) and were allowed to take sweethearts preceding and after marriage, insofar as customary family obligations were not disregarded (31). Additionally, ladies had the option to campaign legal procedures and intervene connections among Maasai and God, in this manner communicating moral position and force (33). In any case, starting in 1890, Western imperialism reshaped the Maasai's view of who they ought to be. In spite of the fact that the German imperialism was lopsided and constrained, it debilitated the Maasai through ailment, and set up the act of state rule (37). Acclimating the Maasai to pioneer, and afterward national, plans of progress, the declaration and extension of state power reordered Maasai lives and jobs to suit Western needs (275). Resulting British standard during the 1900s extended on state authority with innate movements and new heads of family units, implementing flawless arrangements of ethnic character with regional personality on a portable and traveling individuals. Disappointed Westerners made a political pecking order of Africans to controlled through co-optation (61) and established frontier charges upon the men, upsetting dairy cattle proprietorship among people (69). Indeed, even during the 1960s, proceeding a conceivably worthwhile wellspring of state income, outside associations burned through a large number of dollars on the advancement of Maasai efficiency, yet the projects held no social affectability and slumped.

People Culture and Contemporary Leadership -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about thePeople Culture and Contemporary Leadership forGrowth. Answer: Presentation In the advanced period, powerful initiative aptitudes assume a crucial job in development and improvement of an individual(Ward 2016). These days, numerous organizations center around upgrading the authority abilities of laborers with the goal that smooth progression everything being equal and exercises can be achieved(Tourish 2014). Administration rehearses likewise help organizations in propelling representatives and coordinating their endeavors towards the achievement of shared objectives and goals. The current paper plots the outline of authority and speculations connected with the idea. Likewise, my style of administration and its viability is additionally featured in this report. I have utilized various sorts of polls and homeroom exercises to break down the general viability of my authority style. What is administration Initiative can be characterized as the procedure wherein different instruments, methods, and methodologies are utilized by a pioneer to lead and deal with the group of individuals working in an organization(Siegling, Nielsen Petrides 2014). A decent pioneer consistently urges colleagues to give their best towards the achievement of business objectives and destinations. In todays corporate situation, initiative has gotten basic for organizations as there are various kinds of advantages related with the same(Renko et al. 2015). For instance, pioneers help in starting activities, spurring others, building spirit and creating coordination among partners. A pioneer likewise assumes fundamental job in planning and keeping up a solid workplace by settling issues and clashes between individuals working in an association. To pick up understanding into the general idea of authority, different speculations can be mulled over. For instance, the characteristic hypothesis of authority stresses on the way that pioneers are conceived, or there are sure characteristics which are acquired by individuals which make them a leader(Ramchunder Martins 2014). Moreover, the hypothesis clarifies that there are sure conduct qualities can be usually found in pretty much every leader(Northouse 2015). Some regular attributes of pioneers which are featured by characteristic hypothesis incorporate vitality, inventiveness, imaginative, business information, genuineness and enthusiastic insight. Surveys Completed I have finished various sorts of the survey, and this was significant in light of the fact that it has helped me to get understanding into my initiative style. I was required to respond to various arrangements of inquiries connected to different parts of initiative. For example, I was required to give my assessment to questions, for example, is oversight of worker inside the working environment is fundamental or not. Moreover, the poll has additionally bolstered me in recognizing the key zones where I was inadequate. From the data gathered, one reinforces his/her current administration aptitudes, and conquer key shortcoming concerning leadership(Nahavandi 2016). Another advantage of utilizing poll is that it has helped me to improve the manner by which I used to speak with others. Aside from this, it has additionally featured various devices and procedures which I can use to rouse and motivate other staff individuals working with me. I have finished different surveys connected with administration, and now I can deal with and oversee changes all the more effectively. These everything will legitimately add to people by and large expert turn of events and will likewise them to turn into an exceptionally spurring pioneer in the long run(Ljungholm 2014). Gibbs Model Learning The Gibbs model or intelligent cycle stress on six significant components which are referenced underneath as: Portrayal I have filled different surveys, and I have likewise gone to various class exercises to pick up knowledge into my current authority style and its viability. Sentiments At the hour of going to class meetings and filling survey I was somewhat stressed over getting negative results. Be that as it may, my experience and information have bolstered me in remaining quiet during the procedure. Assessment It can be communicated that the whole experience was very acceptable and I have taken in a great deal of things about the general part of administration. For instance, it has upheld me in realizing that powerful pioneers are the person who changes their styles according to need and request of the circumstance. Examination It has been dissected that I am required to work in certain zones to improve my general initiative aptitudes. It will likewise help with showing signs of improvement open doors for individual and expert development(Mugridge 2013). End Apart from going to homeroom meetings and topping off the survey, I accept that systems, for example, criticism from seniors and colleagues would have been taken. The method of reasoning behind this is the criticism would have given me progressively important and precise data about my administration. Activity plan I will utilize the suggestions and data from poll and study hall exercises to manage initiative issues in future. Class Activities The class exercises comprise of different meetings in which diverse case situations were given to us. We were required to investigate each circumstance in the most ideal way. Moreover, in light of our examination we were required to take restorative activities. The class exercises have helped me to created solid coordination with my individual colleagues. Simultaneously, it has upheld me in getting information about my current style of administration. During the homeroom exercises, I was required to think of certain remarks on various explanations which were connected with the general idea of authority. This movement has helped me in investigate my insight base and range of abilities about the parts of initiative. Different kinds of administration games and exercises were done during the study hall session(Goleman, Boyatzis McKee 2013). The consequence of this is these meetings have helped me to recognize and comprehend the way that at present, I am not an extraordinary or successful pioneer. The method of reasoning behind this is I am a vote based pioneer, and I generally want to consider the perspectives and assessments of my partners before settling on any choices. In some class exercises, quick dynamic was required and taking recommendation from other colleagues brings about postponing the whole procedure of choice making(Eisenbeiss Brodbeck 2014). In this manner, the homeroom exercises have helped me to comprehend the way that it isn't valuable for a pioneer to adhere to one specific style of authority and he/she ought to embrace the style of initiative according to circumstances and conditions. Own Development Areas Different formative regions are available where I have to concentrate on so I can effectively proceed as a pioneer and thus, the exhibition of my whole group can be effortlessly upgraded with the assistance of this. Presumably, to become effective pioneer different qualities and properties are required which improves singular effectiveness to proceed as a pioneer and thusly prompts better results(Daft 2014). My formative regions include chipping away at the abilities that are absent in me. I come up short on certain aptitudes and specific information because of which my exhibition decreases at the hour of functioning as a pioneer. Right off the bat I have to create time the executives as pioneer needs to complete different exercises and they must be overseen specifically period. Along these lines, this region despite everything requires advancement where I can't oversee time according to the assignments that I need to do regularly, and it straightforwardly prompts delay. Further, I am not ready to organize which exercises are fundamental that I have to concentrate on for improving the presentation of my whole group. Another zone wherein improvement is required is connected with arranging where I am not ready to design all the exercises appropriately. It is the ethical duty of each pioneer to design all the key exercises appropriately so they can be completed efficiently(Colbert, Barrick Bradley 2014). Stress the board is likewise one of the significant zones where I have to work upon. By and large, I have discovered that circumstance of stress emerges because of which my inspiration level decreases. Because of this explanation, I need to get ready myself so I can appropriately manage pressure and this can help with making me an effective pioneer. All these advancement territories are generally pivotal for a pioneer as pioneer must have abilities, for example, stress the executives, time the executives, arranging, and so forth., with the goal that commitment of an individual is most extreme in the business affairs(Bird Mendenhall 2016). Because of this explanation I have understood the significance of working here so that in no time my exhibition as a pioneer can be improved effectively and in brief period. Further, it has been investigated that no pioneer is 100% effective by abilities and information where a few territories are available where an individual needs to improve. For upgrading time the board abilities, I will set up a period table for two months normally where I will organize errands that should be directed by me. For upgrading my arranging abilities, I will accept exhortation from different pioneers to know how they plan and for improving pressure the board aptitudes I will peruse different books, articles and will entertain myself normally into the circumstances that lead to pressure. Thus, this will bring about progress. Kind of pioneer am I and territories of Improvement At present, as indicated by me, I am a law based pioneer who likes to take counsel from the colleagues on a nonstop premise. At the hour of directing a specific errand I include each colleague and with the assistance of a persuasive device, for example, reward, reward plot I guarantee that each part is effectively taking an interest in the organization undertakings. Further, I am a self-inspired pioneer who can deal with basic circumstance in a simple was the same number of time a few circumstances are confronted where I am not ready to perform better so with the assistance of self-inspiration it becomes eas

Iran After the Election COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Iran After the Election COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following was posted to our Web site and I thought I would re-post it here in case you missed it.   The links below will take you to the videos of the panels referenced and all of the videos, plus the Q and A links can be found here. __________________________________ The recent elections in Iran, and subsequent challenges to their legitimacy, have been a matter of enormous internal conflict in Iran, and of seemingly endless debate in the rest of the world. As protesters continue to take to the Iranian street to voice their opposition to the elections, fault-lines are emerging amongst the ruling elite. These momentous events constitute a significant challenge to the legitimacy of the Iranian regime and the future of the Islamic Republic. In a conference co-hosted by SIPA and the Middle East Institute in December 2009, leading Iranian scholars and analysts discuss the impact of the recent elections, Irans relationship with the international community and the theocratic foundations of the Islamic Republic. The Aftermath of the Election Richard Bulliet, Columbia University Hamid Dabashi, Columbia University Asef Bayat, Leiden University Shahla Talebi, Arizona State University Ervand Abrahamian, Baruch College International Challenges Gary Sick, Columbia University Farideh Farhi, University of Hawaii Judith Yaphe, The National Defense University Appraising the Life of the Islamic Republic of Iran Hossein Kamaly, Barnard College Mansour Farhang, Bennington College Firoozeh Kashani-Sabet, University of Pennsylvania Houchang Chehabi, Boston University Richard Bulliet, Columbia University

Should Women Be In Combat Roles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1329 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Security Essay Level High school Topics: Women in Combat Essay Did you like this example? 1998, Canada and Sweden became the first countries to allow women in modern combat roles. Often men are capable of doing things that women arent and visa versa, by mandating a certain number of women on each board, California is stating that they dont believe women are capable of earning a seat at the table themselves. To be able to let women in is to force boards to accept them.   A big question is should women be able to take combat roles? It is true that not every women is fit for being in combat roles or being for an example a firefighter but neither is every boy. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Should Women Be In Combat Roles?" essay for you Create order Almost every woman   who is capable to be in a combat role and or any workforce. If they have completed a physical fitness course they are capable of being in any workforce that they are fit to be in. People should find out what they know with that person rather than experimenting and presenting research saying women arent capable.Other people say that women should not be in combat roles because men and women have different mindsets and hormonal things.A number of arguments have been raised in defense of military policy that bans women from combat roles.The prospect of women in ground combat or on the front-line in the military has proven to be a controversial issue throughout decades of war. This controversy stems from criticisms such as womens physicality versus mens, the association of sexual-related situations within the military, and a history of failed gender-integration training. The bottom line, however, is that women should not be allowed in front-line or ground combat unl ess they are willing and capable of meeting the same standards of testing as men. Basic differences in the physicality of men and women are one of the key aspects of why a womans combative role in the military is questioned. If this is the case, then, with regards to lower physical standards in combat training, how is it safe to allow female soldiers into the same dangerous environment as men? The argument of lower standards in testing is only brought into question because women are being used in ground combat and on the front-line, despite the fact that it is the law that only men be put in these roles. Only a select few countries allow women in ground-combat situations, seen in the statement that Australia is the latest nation to lift all restrictions on the positions in which women can serve in the armed forces, joining Canada, New Zealand, and Israel (Gajewski, 2011). Many military officials have found ways to circumvent this law, and have placed women in these roles with the thoughts that it could be beneficial. The loopholes in this law should be patched for safety purposes and fought in a different manner if need be. If this is an issue that many are willing to overlook, then it should be also be possible for the law to change. Women who wish to be a part of ground combat and the front-line should have the right if they choose to do so, but only once they have reached equal physical standards as the men who share their same position. Intuition of Equality and Womens Rights are reasons that are used to argue for the side of women in combat, which basically states that women should be able to do what they please and are created equal to men. There are many reason why people say that women should not be in combat roles. Physical ability is one of the cases, while the majority of jobs in the armed forces are open equally to men and women, there are some to which women are just not physically suited. The standards of physical fitness have been set to suit men, and women attempting to reach them will over-stretch themselves.   In addition, combat units engage in activities designed to suit mens capabilities. Women serving in integrated units will suffer higher injury rates as a result of this. Efficiency is another,   some women will be able to meet the required standards, but most will not. While integration of women into combat is possible for those qualified, the small number versus the additional logistical, regulatory and disciplinary costs associated with integration do not make it a worthwhile move. Also, morale and cohesion, having women serving in direct combat will hamper missions effectiveness by hurting unit morale and cohesion. Military readiness, pregnancy can affect the deployability of a unit when the unit has a disproportionate number of women understaffed. Tradition, men especially those likely to enlist, maintain traditional gender roles. In some situations, men are may act foolishly to protect women in their combat units. Harassment and resentment, of the presence of women in a hyper masculine military subculture would likely become a problem.Abuse by enemy,both male and female prisoners are at risk of torture and rape, but misogynistic societies may be more willing to abuse women prisoners. Career advancement, Men and women are both given opportunities to join the arm, but with the understanding that different roles require different physical, emotional attributes. This should mean i turn that there are multiple routes to promotion so that women have equal opportunities without having to fight take art in combat operations.    Other say women should be allowed to be in combat roles because they are able to do anything that men are able to do. My personal experience has been that the (principles) of leadership and teambuilding apply equally to women as to men. As long as you protect qualification standards and give no impression that anyone if getting a free ride, integration, while not without bumps, will be much less dramatic than people envision. ~Major Elanor Taylor, Canadian Military and the first women to lead an infantry company in combat. Ability vs gender, as long as an applicant is qualified for a position, ones gender is arbitrary. It is easy to recruit and deploy women who are in better shape than many men sent into combat. It is possible to calibrate recruitment and training standards to women. Extra pre-training for muscle building can also be used to reduce female injury rates. In modern high technology battlefield technical expertise and decision-making skills are increasingly more valu able than simple brute strength. Military readinesses, Allowing a mixed gender force keeps the military strong. The all-volunteer forces are severely troubled by falling retention and recruitment rates. Widening the applicant pool for all jobs guarantees more willing recruits, Women, who choose to become active combat soldiers, are unlikely to shirk their duty by becoming pregnant after a call-up as these women   have willingly joined the army. Effectiveness. The blanket restriction for women limits the ability of commanders in theater to pick the most capable person for the job. Tradition, training will be required to facilitate the integration of women into combat units. Cultures change over time and the masculine subculture can evolve too. Many previously masculine professions have been successfully opened to women over the past century.Modern warfare and public support in the modern world of combat (Afghanistan, Iraq), all women serving in the military are exposed to front-line risks. Support for women serving in armed force has not wavered as warfare has changed, a clear sign that the necessity of women serving in combat is recognized. Cultural differences demographic. Women are more effective in some circumstances than men. Allowing women to serve doubles the talent pool for delicate and sensitive jobs that require interpersonal skills not every soldier has. Having a wider personnel base allows militaries to have the best and most diplomatic soldiers working to end conflict quickly. Career Advancement, as combat duty is usually regarded as necessary for promotion to senior officer positions, denying female personnel this experience sexism. Women have to be give the same opportunities as men. In the army in order to have the same opportunities they have to be   exposed to the same risks.

Hamlets Impact - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2429 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2018/11/16 Category Literature Essay Type Descriptive essay Level High school Tags: Claudius Essay Hamlet Essay Ophelia Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Did you recognize that the play, â€Å"Hamlet† wedged many folks which can have had personal experiences at the time it had been shown? The play was free in 1599 that was written by playwright.   Whereas people will respond otherwise to the impact of the play, in what means did the play called Hamlet have a good impact to the world? To begin off, the play recognize as Hamlet had a spread of characters within which they wedged the audience in some ways. The character called Hamlet is that the main character of this play. Hamlet is extremely melancholy, bitter, cynical, filled with emotion for his uncle’s scheming and additionally sick of for his mother’s sex towards him. Hes additionally a reflective and thoughtful young man. Hamlet is commonly a personality of indecisive and self-doubt, however at alternative times, hes susceptible to rash and impulsive acts. Hes the character principally affects one another character within the story. One, specificall y, would be called Roman Emperor is Hamlet’s Uncle. Roman Emperor is that the main villain within the play hates Hamlet and needs to murder him eventually. Roman Emperor may be a character is scheming, associate degree bold politician, driven by his sexual appetites and his lust for power, however he often shows signs of guilt and human feeling. His love, however, for Gertrude, looks sincere. Gertrude is another character is Hamlet’s Mother. She is eventually married to Hamlet’s Uncle, Claudius. She is additionally The Queen of Denmark. Gertrude loves Hamlet deeply, however she may be a shallow, weak girl solely seeks tenderness and standing additional desperately than ethical uprightness or truth from others. Then, theres The Lord Chamberlain of Claudius’s court, may be a overblown, conniving recent man. hes called Polonius. He plays a good half within the play involving Hamlet and his Uncle’s actions at bound points. Polonius contains a gir l, may be a lovely, woman with whom Hamlet has been loving with. Ophelia may be a sweet and innocent jeune fille, obeys her father and her brother, Laertes. She depends on men to inform her the way to behave daily, she provides in to Polonius’s schemes to spy on Hamlet within the play. Even in her lapse into madness and death, she remains feminine, singing songs regarding flowers and at last drowns within the stream when she loses her father, Polonius. Hamlet additionally contains a terribly shut friend, studied with the blue blood at the university in Wittenberg. His name is Horatio. Is loyal and useful to Hamlet throughout the play. When Hamlet’s death, Horatio remains alive to inform Hamlet’s story to others. Polonius additionally contains a son and is Ophelia’s brother, hes a young man spends a lot of of the play in France. He’s lusty and fast to action. He goes by Laertes. Theres the specter of Hamlet’s recently dead father. The ghost, he claims to possess been dead by Roman Emperor, Hamlet’s Uncle, calls upon Hamlet to revenge him. However, its not entirely bound whether or not the ghost is he seems to be, or whether or not its one thing else. Hamlet speculates within the play that the ghost may well be a devil sent to deceive him and to tempt him into murdering others, and also the question of what the ghost is or wherever it comes from is rarely resolved by Hamlet. Then there are 2 slightly left-handed courtiers named by Rosencrantz And Guildenstern, ar former friends of Hamlet from Wittenberg, ar summoned by Roman Emperor and Gertrude to get the explanation for Hamlet’s strange behavior within the castle. They work as spies to envision Hamlet’s actions. The foolish tender summons Hamlet to his duel with Laertes in a while within the play desires for them to battle to the death. Hes called Osric. Voltimand and Cornelius ar each Courtiers whom Roman Emperor sends to Scandinavian country t o influence the king to stop Fortinbras from assaultive in a while within the play. There are Marcellus and Bernardo are the officers 1st see the ghost of Hamlet’s Father walking the ramparts of Elsinore and summon Horatio to witness it. Marcellus is gift once Hamlet 1st encounters   the ghost. Every and individual character plays their own role within the play impact one another eventually. The bulk of the characters within the play ar eventually dead for his or her own reasons. Now, the theme or message is that revenge itself is deadly to others. Hamlet causes his own downfall by his obsession with revenge for his dead Father. By plotting Claudius death, Hamlet is stirring up Claudius natural reaction to guard himself. Ultimately, revenge kills Hamlet within the finish. That additionally connects to the opposite character’s deaths within the play. Most of the most characters within the play die. Hamlet dies from being injured with a poisoned blade from Laertes w hereas they were in a very twin. Before Hamlet died, he then stabs Laertes’s own brand through his chest for revenge. The Queen of Denmark additionally passes away when she drinks a poisoned drink within which Hamlet was originally alleged to drink as a result of his Uncle, Claudius, setup an idea to kill Hamlet. When Hamlet realizes what his Uncle setup for him. Hamlet then runs his brand through his Uncle’s chest that was poisoned. Ophelia additionally passes away when she went mad once her Father, Polonius, was killed by Hamlet. She walks into a stream and eventually drowns herself. Most of the poorer audience members, observed as groundlings, would pay one penny to face before of the stage of his plays, whereas the richer patrons would sit within the coated galleries, paying the maximum amount as [*fr1] a crown every for his or her seats. In 1599, Thomas Platter, was a Swiss doctor visiting London from urban center, reported   the price of admission in his diary stating that There are separate galleries and there one stands additional well and what is more will sit, however one pays additional for it.† so anyone remains on the extent standing paid just one English penny, however if they wished to sit down, theyre let in at a farther door, and there they gave another penny. If they desired to sit down on a cushion within the most comfy place, wherever they didnt solely see everything well, however can even be seen then they gave yet one more English penny at another door. And in the pauses of the comedy, food and drink were carried spherical amongst the folks and one might then refresh themselves at their own value. Shakespeares audience would are composed of tanners, butchers, iron-workers, millers, seamen from the ships docked within the River Thames, glovers, servants, shopkeepers, wig-makers, bakers, and numberless alternative tradesmen in conjunction with their families. Shakespeares audience was way more boisterous than ar patrons of the theatre nowadays. They were loud and quick-tempered with many folks and have an interest within the happenings off stage as on that. One in all Shakespeares contemporaries noted that you can see such heaving and shoving, such skin sensation and shouldering to sit down by the ladies, such look after their clothes that they be not trod on such play, such smiling, such winking, such manning them home that its a right come back to mark their behaviour The nasty hecklers and gangs of folk would additionally come from seedy elements and around London like Tower-hill and Limehouse and William Shakespeare created absolute to purpose them out once they arrived. Shakespeare’s audience was additionally greatly wedged by the atmosphere within the area wherever the plays befell in. The world Theatre was created in 1599, out of timber that was taken from the Theatre. It stood next to the Rose, on the side of the River Thames, and was the foremost elaborate and engaging theatre however designed at the time. The world was designed and created for the Chamberlains Men by Cuthbert histrion, son of the Theatres creator, James histrion. The lease for the land on that the world stood was co-owned by histrion and his brother Henry Martyn Robert, and additionally by a gaggle of 5 actors called can Kempe, Church Father Phillips, John Heminge, Thomas Pope, and playwright. He wrote the plays. A lot of of Shakespeares wealth came from his holdings within the Globe. The world was the first home of Shakespeares acting company starting in late 1599, and its a chance that As you prefer it had been written particularly for the occasion. On June 29, 1613, throughout a performance of King of Great Britain, a misfired canon ball set the Globes roof blazing and also the whole theatre was consumed. Swift reconstruction did manifest itself and also the Globe reopened to the general public inside a year, with the addition of a covered roof. The new Globe theatre laste d till 1644, at that the time it had been destroyed, and housing was quickly designed wherever it once stood ashore. Recent makes an attempt are created to re-create the world, and replicas have additionally been in-built Yedo and in London to match the initial Globe. The outside look of the world will solely be pieced along from sketches of the theatre that were found in sweeping Elizabethan town scenes, and also the interior look from the drawing of the Swan Theatre. From these pictures, we are able to describe the world as a polygonal shape structure with associate degree inner court regarding fifty five feet across. It had been three-stories high and had no roof. The open court and 3 curved   galleries were ready to hold over one,500 people. The stage had 2 primary elements, the primary one was the outer stage, that was an oblong platform projected into the court from the rear wall. Higher than it had been a roof and hangings however no front or facet curtains. The second was the inner stage. That was the recess between 2 projected wings at the terribly back of the outer stage. This stage was employed by actors were in a very scene however werent directly concerned within the immediate action of the play, associate degreed it had been additionally used once a scene befell in an inner area. Beneath the floors of the outer and inner stages was an outsized cellar known as hell,† allowing the dramatic look of ghosts. This cellar was in all probability as massive because the 2 stages combined higher than it, and it had been accessed by 2 or additional trap-doors on the outer stage and one door that was nicknamed the grave trap on the inner stage. Actors in hell would be encompassed by darkness, with the sole lightweight coming back from small holes within the floor or from the tiring-house steps at the terribly back of the cellar within the globe. Then Rising from behind the stages was the tiring-house, it had been the 3 story section of the playhous e that contained the dressing rooms, the prop area, the musicians gallery, and connecting passageways. The tiring-house was boxed in curtains in any respect times that the less dramatic parts of play production would be hidden from the audience. 2 doors on either facet of the tiring-house allowed the actors their entrance onto the stage. Generally associate degree actor would come back through the center door, that extremely observed the most floor curtains of the tiring-house that crystal rectifier directly onto the middle stage. The 3 levels of the tiring-house were every totally different. The primary level was, the inner stage once one was required. Repeatedly Shakespeares plays involve a scene inside a scene, like Miranda and Ferdinand enjoying chess as a backcloth to the most scene within the Tempest or a scene within which a personality or item must be dramatically discovered, as we discover within the bourgeois of city, once Portia asks Nerissa to draw aside the curtains to indicate the caskets; or a scene that ought to manifest itself in a very tiny, confining area, like the Capulets grave in lover and Juliet. For scenes like these, the actors would have force back the curtains on the outer stage to show the tiring-house because the inner stage. The plays usually involve one character eavesdropping from behind a curtain or door. The tiring-house was employed in this case furthermore, as a result of at its rear, even any back than the inner stage floor, was a little area hidden by a group of drapes. These floor length drapes or artificial   textile hangings were suspended from the ceiling, that hid the actor. The drapes of the primary floor tiring-house would have hidden fictional character in one King of England. Once the lawman involves the door of the building, and would have cloaked Polonius right before he was killed by Hamlet, in Act III, simply to call 2 things. And also the second level of the tiring-house contained a central balcony stage within the middle, without doubt used multiple times within the production of lover and Juliet and also the most illustrious balcony scene within the canon; atiny low window-stage on both sides of the balcony, directly higher than the facet doors on the primary floor, was used once up to four characters had to be seen from a window; and a draped inner area behind the balcony stage, that served an equivalent purpose because the inner area on the primary floor within the tiring-house. The third level consisted of a central music gallery and 2 massive lofts on either facet of it, used as storage and dressing rooms. In rare instances, the orchestra was seen by the audience, once choose members would come back right down to the most stage to accompany a dancer or a chorus, however in most cases, the musicians contend within the third-floor draped gallery, that was hidden from web site. The lofts holding the props and instruments were continually closed removed from the general public an d voters. Within the Elizabethan theatre, extraordinary amounts of cash were spent on costumes and also the Globes cargo area would are overflowing with lovely wear, not in contrast to the type listed in Henslowes Diary, as he took inventory at the Rose. Lastly, Shakespeare’s play, â€Å"Hamlet,† wedged his audiences in some ways. Ways in which like the characters and their elements within which they contend and additionally the atmosphere wherever the plays befell. The atmosphere was noted for its’ plays that went on from Shakespeare’s writings. The audience was greatly wedged from this specific play from William Shakespeare and plenty of others within which he wrote for audiences. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Hamlets Impact" essay for you Create order

I Hope You Dance Free Essays

I hope you dance â€Å"And when you get the chance to sit it out or dance, I hope you dance. † (Sillers,2010, ll. 8. We will write a custom essay sample on I Hope You Dance or any similar topic only for you Order Now amp;9. ) If you had the chance to sit it out or dance, would you dance? This amazingly, inspirational song was written by Tia Sillers when she was at her breaking point, sitting on the beach just after going through a heart wrenching divorce. It really is peculiar that such an inspirational and beautiful song such as â€Å"I hope you dance† was written at such a devastating time. As she sat beside the ocean, pondering on all that she been through, she realized, things aren’t so bad. She interprets this in her lyrics by saying â€Å"I hope you still feel small when you stand beside the ocean. † (Sillers,2010, l. 5) â€Å"I hope you dance† is unmistakabley pulled from deep within Siller’s soul. Anyone who hears this song, and truly takes these lyrics to heart could undoubtedly pull themselves out of whatever strife they may be going through at any given time. With Mrs. Siller’s inspirational words, she truly has created the most breath taking song of our time. I have a very deep understanding of this song because â€Å"I hope you dance† has helped me through some extremely difficult times. I was homeless at the age of sixteen and ready to give up on the world when I first heard this song playing over the radio. With the help of Sillers words I was able to find the inspiration inside myself and keep going to school even if it meant sacrificing a day of pay from missing work. I knew that although things would be extremely difficult to attempt to be able to work enough hours to get my own place and attend high school on a regular basis, but with the help of her words I found the motivation within myself to give it my all. After three months I had saved enough money for the deposit and first month’s rent and my grades we’re decent enough for me to graduate on time with the rest of my peer’s. Now that I am more stable things have become less difficult, but whenever I am having a hard time, I simply go to you tube and listen to Siller’s song. I hope you dance† has undoubtedly shed light on an endless number of suffering souls. â€Å"Don’t let some Hellbent heart leave you bitter, when you come close to selling out reconsider. † (Sillers, 2010, ll. 15. 16. )Those lyrics convey the struggle life can throw at a person, but they are also telling them to never give up. Tia was trying to reach into the hearts of all the suffering souls out there, and try to get them to look at the bigger picture. â€Å"May you never take one single breath for granted. (Sillers, 2010, l. 3) Tia was trying to get the point across that life is a gift, and to simply sit it out and let it pass you by could be a tremendous mistake that no one can ever take back. She also indicates this in like thirteen: â€Å"Livin might mean takin chances, but they’re worth takin. † (Sillers, 2010, l. 13. ) Throughout life there are many obstacles to overcome, and not every road you take will be a smooth one, but the bumpiest road, will often lead you to the greenest field. Siller’s showed an understanding for this by writing â€Å"I hope you never fear those mountains in the distance. Never settle for the path of least resistance. † (Sillers, 2010, ll. 11. 12. ) Every successful person has had to struggle in life, but with struggle, comes satisfaction. If every person was able to listen to this song, but not just listen, understand this song, I feel as though statistics such as the high school drop-out rate, or the college drop-out rate would decrease. Giving up would simply not be an option. Sometimes we all need a little inspiration, something to get us motivated and focused on the bigger picture. Life is about making mistakes, Siller’s portrays this perfectly by saying â€Å"Whenever one door closes I hope one more opens. † (Sillers, 2010, l. 6. ) Although doors may close, and devastation may take a toll on a person’s life, one needs to be able to pick themselves back up, and open another door, but not just for the sake of moving, but for their own satisfaction. If â€Å"I hope you dance† was listened by everyone at least once a day, people would be able to find it in themselves to pick themselves up and keep moving forward, for with every step one takes forward is another step closer to their ultimate goal of success. No one would drown themselves in their own self-pity, for they could find the inspiration in themselves through the understanding of the lyrics of â€Å"I hope you dance. † References Kawashima, D (2010) â€Å"I hope you dance† Retrieved August 28, 2012 from Song Writer Universe: http://www. songwriteruniverse. com/sillers. htm How to cite I Hope You Dance, Papers

Gay Marriage Synthesis free essay sample

Everyday in the United States of America people fall in love. Love is its own universal language that helps evoke ones true, deep feelings towards another. Love is not exclusive to any one type of creature or object. A person may love their computer, their pet tabby cat, or another man or woman. Ultimately, when two people are in love they have the option to wed in holy matrimony. Marriage, similar to love, should not be limited to a member of the opposite gender, and same sex marriage should be allowed in America. As time passes and the future draws close, societies views on world wide issues are being altered due to the fact that â€Å"social change is inevitable† (Source H). This, along the results of polls taken on the American public concerning the right for same sex couples to marry, continues being altered every second. A recent study found that â€Å"an astonishing 81% of adults under the age of 30 favor marriage equality,† providing prominent, interesting findings that may hint at the near future of our country (Source A). Day by day the argument grows stronger and stronger on whether or not to discriminate against free Americans with a different viewpoint on love. Same sex couples deserve every right that ordinary couples do, and the majority of America can agree on this standpoint which is pushing for equality. Same sex marriage is protected by the Constitutions commitments to liberty and equality, and rulings in the Supreme Court shall reflect such defenses. Ultimately, what is at stake here is under the control of American morals on whether or not same sex couples should be victimized in court rulings regarding their right to marry when it is obvious that their right is protected multiple times in the US Constitution. Throughout the US Constitution, various discriminations are extirpated as â€Å"it did not tolerate [inequality] in separate schools and drinking fountains, it did not tolerate [inequality] with respect to bans on interracial marriage,† and inequality shall not be tolerated here with regards to granting marriage impartiality (Source C). In history’s past, as community views have been altered, the law has been altered too. Since the law of the land is protecting same sex couples’ right to marry, there should be an unanimous wave of approval rather than an inexhaustible argument on whether or not the law provides limits on such marriages, due to the fact that the law clearly has no blockades on such joinings. As logic takes over in ones mind, the Supreme Court should realize that it is unlawful and immoral to rule against the right for same sex couples to marry peacefully, just as a normal couple would. Furthermore, the concept of â€Å"traditional marriage† being defined as one man and one woman is historically inaccurate. If one is arguing that gay marriage is not traditional, it could be argued that a heterosexual monogamy is unnatural due to history’s past of polygamy, communal child rearing, and the use of mistresses and prostitution. This false definition of traditional marriage helps to address the idea that same sex couples provide equal, if not more, advantages to society and the surrounding communities along with more importantly, causing no harm. In order to analyze such benefits first an exposition of marriage must be provided. Many find that the best definition of marriage is the statements praised as newly weds recite their vows: â€Å"to have and to hold, from this day forward, for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness, in health, until death do us part† (Source D). Continually, as far as income is concerned, the United States government could bring approximately 184 million supplementary dollars into a single states economy over 3 years through the cost of gay marriage licenses, and higher income taxes for gays (Source G). On a more family oriented note, a gay couples home life provides a bolstering environment for financial and emotional security, along with generating loving family bonds between many. Furthermore, if a same sex couple were to bear children into their family, it would encourage future generations to ensure equality for all and prevent future discrimination. Overall, there is no set definition on â€Å"traditional marriage† and the myth that gay marriage cause harm to society should be put to rest. Some may argue that marriage is not a right that can just be handed off to anyone; rather they believe that marriage is a privilege. Continually, they may argue that marriage was created in order to support and encourage procreation; however, although same sex couples cannot produce offspring together, they can provide support to children in need whom heterosexual couples have abandoned, or children who may not have a loving a caring family-something a same sex couple may be able to provide. On a similar note, other civilians against gay marriage may altercate that allowing same sex marriage will encourage young children to act out against societies’ general morals. This is an illogical argument do to the fact that gay marriage does not encourage any unlawful or illegal behaviors in young children. As Source B jokes, as a result of gays marrying the only consequence will be that gays marry. The icecaps will not melt, Russia will not invade, judgment day will not begin and families will not be destroyed. Society will always have bountiful changes of view, and we must alter our laws to protect the general morals and beliefs of the community in order to provide our country with infinite benefits. Remember, although gay marriage may seem like a nerve wracking change, you will survive as will the world, providing us only with a stronger sense of moral equality.

Use Office Equipment free essay sample

Use Office Equipment 1. Identify different types of equipment and their uses There are many different types of office equipment. The main equipment in an office that can be found is: †¢ Computers †¢ Telephones †¢ Printers †¢ Photocopiers Computers can be used on a daily basis for tasks such as sending and receiving emails, using the internet and company personal sites to use information and equipment and policies to help complete tasks. Telephones help us to keep in contact with many clients/ customers and many members of staff within the company, this can help when a conversation is needed in detail and it is quicker and easier to give them a call that way if they do not answer you can leave them a voicemail which then can be heard by the recipient only when they get the chance to hear the message that way the message is more easy to understand. Printers can be used to print or fax documents that are of use to you and members of your team and potentially to the whole company faxing a document allows us to scan a document into your printer and send it via email to another member of staff/ yourself or a client. We will write a custom essay sample on Use Office Equipment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is usually used for a written or paper copy document that you don’t have on any computer. This will allow you to have the files in both paper and computer form so that files will always be found and can be stored so that the files can be easily found. Photocopiers can be used to create paper copies of documents that you have in paper form this will help you if you need more copies of a specific document but you don’t have time to go back to your computer and find the file on there you can put your document though a copier and it will scan all the text and images and it will print out copies of your file as many time as you like. 2. Describe the different features of different types of office equipment There are many different types of office equipment that we use on a daily basis. Phones and emails allow us as a company to keep in contact with our clients and staff in offices around the word. They allow us to contact specific people when we need to which allows us to get in contact with them quickly and efficiently. Phones also have answering machines to pick up any missed call’s, this allows us to know who called us and if they left a message what they wanted to talk to us about, this allows us to keep in contact with all the right people. Computers are one of the most vital parts of the company as just about all of our work is done on them. Computers allow us process data on daily basis; it also allows us to research information online as an when we need it. It also helps us to create PF files and information for our clients. Printers can print documents and information in bulk this allows us to have as many copies of the files as you need and this is very helpful when you have a meeting or they are a set of instructions on a specific activity that several people need and Photocopiers allow you to scan a hard copy of a file and will make a copy of all the text and photos and print out several copies of the file for you. Filing Cabinets help you to organise and store all hard copies of files and information securely so that when you need the files you do not have to try a search around your computer to find the files. Hole punchers allow paperwork to be place in binders or in small folders easily which allows use to create more space for other things. 3. Explain why different types of equipment are chosen for tasks Different types of equipment are used and chosen for different tasks because not one piece of equipment can do every single task, so it is always good to have all the relevant types of office equipment to complete a task. Also using the right piece of equipment for that specific task will take up as little of your time as possible so you can meet targets and deadlines, and also the equipment that will help you to complete the task to the best standard. 2. 1 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment The purpose of following the manufacturer’s instructions when using a piece of equipment is that if you dont use the equipment properly, you can damage it. Improper usage can also cancel the warranty, which causes unnecessary replacement costs for the organization. Also those instructions from the manufacturer are there for a reason for both the heath and safety of the person using the equipment but the people around them and also to make sure that the equipment can continue to work to the best of its ability. 2. 2 Explain the purpose of following organisational instructions when using equipment The purpose of following organisational instructions when using equipment is because its for employees Health and safety and also to be able to know what to do in certain situations when something goes wrong with the equipment. Organisational procedures are there to protect the health and safety of all workers and make sure that problems are dealt with by the appropriate person. If you do not follow these then you could potentially hurt yourself or other members of staff around you . 2. 3 Identify health and safety procedures when using equipment Thebigword has its own Health and Safety procedures when working with equipment and other members off staff. There are responsibilities required all members of staff regarding Health and Safety: Take reasonable care for their own Health and Safety and that of others who may be affected by their acts or omissions at work; †¢ Co-operate with management on Health and Safety matters; †¢ Use equipment and materials safely and follow instructions and training provided; †¢ Report all accidents, hazards and any shortfalls in the Health and Safety arrangements that creates a risk to people; †¢ Not intentionally or recklessly interfere with or misuse anyt hing provided in the interest of health, safety or welfare. Failure to comply with these requirements may lead to both disciplinary action being taken by the Company and prosecution by the Health and Safety enforcing agency. So it is important that everyone makes sure that they make sure that regular checks are done on the equipment and if you spot any faults or problems that you report into your manager and a member of the IT support team as well as health and safety so that it can be fixed as soon as possible so that it dose not cause any harm to any member staff. . 4 Explain the purpose of following health and safety procedures when using equipment The purpose of following health and safety procedures when using equipment is that it will help to minimise accidents and the negative consequences of those accidents and it also helps to promote a positive health and safety culture within the company . 2. 5 Explain the purpose of keeping the equipment clean and hygienic It is important to maintain your equipment and keep it clean to keep the computer running for years on end without having to replace the equipment so often and so that you to get the most use out of it. Cleaning your equipment after use can lead to less problems , For example dust getting inside the equipment and potentially creating a fault in the equipment. It is also polite to clean something after you have used it to make it ready for the next user if computers are shared between several people. Regularly cleaning equipment can mean that it will last you longer and save you money as well as producing a higher quality result. For example if you did not clean a photocopier glass then you could end up with smear marks on your work. 3. 1 Give examples of waste when using equipment One example of waste when using equipment in the office is when most employees leave the office for the day and will leave the computer on standby over night or they may even leave the computer running all night. But even though it is on standby it is still using electricity and can waste a lot of electricity on a daily basis and potentially put the company’s electricity bill up so you are better of shutting down your computer and that way you will save electricity and money. Another example of waste is when using the printer, some people print out more copies of a file than is needed because they worry they may not have enough copies of the file to go round to the people on there team or the people who need them and this can be a waste of paper and electricity from the printer if they print out too may copies. . 2 Give examples of ways to reduce waste When using your computer it is always best to shut down your computer and turn of your monitor and switch off the lights if you are last out of the building and that way you will save o both electricity and money, which can be saved and used the next working day. When printing out files or instructions it is always good to print out less copies that you think you need and then if you need more you can see how many more people need a copy of the file that way you can print out the correct amount of copies and that way you will save paper. . 3 Explain the purpose of minimising waste The purpose of improving efficiency is so that raw materials can be managed in order to minimise waste and this will help the company to reduce its costs also minimising waste can have a positive effect on the environment if it is done on a regular basis. 4. 1 Give examples of equipment problems There are many problems that can crop with equipment in an office such as: †¢ Paper jam †¢ Electrical fault †¢ Ink cartridge failure †¢ Computer lead fault †¢ Keyboard fault. E. G. missing keys or jammed keys. †¢ Faulty telephone line †¢ Button jam For these you can ask members of staff if they know how to resolve the problem if not you can inform your manager and the IT Support team about the problem and they will do there best to fix the problem to get things running smoothly. 4. 2 Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when dealing with problems The purpose of following the instructions from the manufacturer are there for a reason for both the heath and safety of the person using the equipment but the people around them and also to make sure that the equipment can continue to work to the best of its ability. . 3 Give example of how to deal with problems For some problems you can ask members of staff if they know how to resolve the problem if not you can inform your manager and the IT Support team about the problem and they will do there best to fix the problem to get things running smoothly again so that you can carry on with your job. 5. 1 Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadli nes when using equipment The purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when using equipment will allow for all work to be at a good level of quality. This will show that you are responsible and people can put trust in you and they can rely on you to get jobs done on time with a high level of quality. You do not know who else might be waiting for your work; it could have to be passed on to someone else. It is important to use the office equipment quickly and efficiently so that it is ready for the next person to use. If you take a long time using something for example the printer and someone else needs to use it you could be stopping someone else from meeting their deadlines. 6. Explain the purpose of leaving equipment and the work area ready for the next user The Purpose of leaving equipment and work area ready for the next user because in a business environment people are working to a tight deadline and if you have left your work area or the equipment as it was when you last used it, then this becomes time consuming for the next person who wants to use it, because they will have to check that all the settings have been changed ba ck to normal. It is important to leave everything as you had found it. That way you can make the other persons job a little easier for them to do.

Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land

Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land Overview This document is a proposal to design a manual to explain the approval processes on fire protection emergency services on proposed developments on bush fire prone land.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone land specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction The aim of this document is to describe the nature of a bush fire prone land and the fire safety measures desirable to prevent any accidental occurrences of bush fires. Areas designated as bush fire prone are classified as vegetation areas and buffer zones. The former are typically divided into class 1 and 2. This classification depends on a combination on the vegetation type’s bush fire hazard and the proximity to any proposed development. Furthermore, these vegetation classes can be further divided into twelve sub-categories that are crucial in the determination of the building const ruction levels and the establishment of property protection zones. On the other hand, the buffer zones are classified beyond the vegetation classification areas and constitute land, which may be directly affected by bush because of an exposure to radiant heat. In most cases buffer zones may be 30 meters or 100 meters in breadth depending on the type of vegetation. Bush fire prone areas are gazetted on a map prepared by a relevant authority in collaboration with the fire protection agencies. These lands are identified on a planning certificate issued under the environmental planning and assessment legislation. Approval processes required if a property is identified as bush fire prone areas Any project, activity, or development on bush fire prone areas requires two distinct development processes. These types of assessment processes will depend on the type of the proposed development activity. For example, an integrated development will need the Bush Fire Safety Authority from the rele vant institution to become an integrated development under the legislation governing environmental matters. In addition, there are developments that do not require the Bush Fire Safety Authority. Bush fire safety authority should be obtained for developments such as a subdivision of bush fire prone land that can be utilized lawfully for residential purposes. Other developments on bush fire prone lands for fire protection purposes includes public utilities such as schools, medical facilities, restaurants, sheltered workshops and any other purpose prescribed by the relevant authority such as student or staff accommodation and respite care centers.Advertising Looking for proposal on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The relevant institution will be required to forward an application for an integrated development to obtain an acceptance or rejection of the application and the relevant terms for the a pproval or refusal. In case of refusal of an application, the local authority must also refuse the application. For the local developments, the legislations covering environmental planning and assessment must relate to the consultation and assessment requisites for developments on bush fire prone areas. It is a requirement that relevant institution must not grant development consent to any project application for any development on bush fire prone land unless the institution is contented that the development conforms to the requirements of planning for bush fire protection. In addition, it must consult with the relevant other stakeholders and relevant institutions concerning appropriate measures with respect to the proposed development, in order to ensure safety to human life, property, and the environment from any negative effect that may arise from bush fire. Local developments required to consider planning for bush fire protection Planning for protection of bush fires are directe d to zoning and subdivision of land and the construction of buildings of residential developments under building codes where land is categorized as being prone to bush fire. Other classes of building covered include pools, garages, and decks. Building types that may not be subjected to bush fire protection legislations includes dual occupancy dwellings that are not subject to zoning and subdivision since they are not able to meet the requirements of the planning for bush fire protection. In addition, land subdivided for residential or rural residential, or proposed developments identified as special fire protection purpose are not considered in this category. Furthermore, minor development elements such as swimming pools, clothing lines, fencing are exempted from the regulation. Requirements for an application for development on bush fire prone land The guidelines for planning for bush fire protection requires that a report must be submitted together with all necessary development a pplications on bush fire prone land to the relevant institution. The developer will be required to produce a bush fire assessment report that may contain a duly completed pro-rata form accompanied with the application kit to the planning for bush fire protection guidelines. Consequently, a developer may present an independent report prepared by a qualified fire protection consultant. The reports should be able to explain how the development proposal will be able to meet the standards provided by the guidelines for bush fire protection. The report should also specify the main objectives of the proposed development, as well as, the performance criteria for the various bush fire protection measures. The developer will also be required to provide integrated development proposals to address the specified criteria as per the guidelines for bush fire protection.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Proposal for a design project in the protection of bush fire prone l and specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, local developments are also required to abide by the guidelines. Thus, in order to meet the assessment criteria to the protection measures of bush fire, it is necessary that a developer make use of all the acceptable solutions, or make use viable alternative solutions that will meet the general requirements, performance criteria, as well as, specific objectives of the proposed development. Conclusion The bush fire assessment report leads to the establishment of the proposed development, or asset protection areas to be very valuable in the determination of building construction standards. The asset protection zones are areas set aside of managed land and are cleared of vegetation to minimize fuel loads; hence, providing a buffer zone between the proposed development and the hazard (vegetation). The area of the buffer zone depends on the type of vegetation, the levels of building construction, and the general slope of the landscape. Developers should not only depend on construction standards only since they are insufficient in providing protection from the impacts of bush fire. The maintenance of the buffer zones is the responsibility of the land developer and will be monitored by the relevant consent authority mandated to ensure that an ideal mechanism is put in place for the maintenance of the buffer zones over the lifetime of the proposed development. The reader should understand that developments such as fences, garages, or shades might be allowed within the buffer zones and within an approximated radius of ten meters of a dwelling unit, under conditions that the facilities are constructed form non-flammable materials.

Produce a report elaborating on the key strategic and operational Case Study

Produce a report elaborating on the key strategic and operational issues faced by the operations manager(s) in SPICE VILLAGE RES - Case Study Example In addition, the problems of the case will be addressed and recommendations will be also provided. Finally the report will conclude highlighting the important findings of the study. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Customers 5 Markets Supplied 5 Market-Order Winners and Order Qualifiers 6 PART II 8 Manufacturing Process and Service Delivery 9 Infrastructure to manage the delivery System 9 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction Spice Village is a Pakistani restaurant which is located in Upper Tooting Road in London. The restaurant is considered as one of the most authentic Tandoori restaurants of UK. The restaurant was opened in the year 2004 and has its branches in Southall and Tooting (Spicevillageltd, n.d. (a)). Initially, the restaurant was operated from a small shop, but the rising popularity and demand of the customers has allowed the company to expand its branches in 2008. It is known for offering unique dining experiences to the consumers. Some of the noteworthy dishes of Spice Village are Kebabs, Nihari, Chops, Biriyanis, Karahi and few other dishes from fish. Apart from these dishes, the restaurant also sells chicken dishes, vegetable dishes, soft drinks and deserts, and some other special dishes. From the time of its inception, the company has witnessed tremendous successes. Based on high success rate, the company has also carried out expansions to the other parts of London. The particular area where the restaurant is situated comprises many other restaurants. Spice Villages has almost 25 competitors. Nevertheless, Spice Village is the largest among the existing players of the market in which it operates. With stylish and elegant setting and astonishing store ambience, the company has been able to attract many customers. It has a seating capacity of 220, which acts as a competitive advantage to the firm (Spicevillageltd, n.d. (b)). Spice Village has also achieved various other credentials to its name. For example, the restaurant has won Tiffin Cup award and was also declared as ‘the top nosh† restaurant by The Guardian (Khan, n.d.). Such achievements and good market reputation have helped the company gain substantial market share. The next half of the report will shed light on the strategic context of the company. PART I Customers Spice Village sells a wide range of products to the customers. The primary rationale behind adopting a differentiation strategy is to cater to a large customer base. The special dishes include Kebabs, Nihari, Chops, Biriyanis, Karahi and dishes made of fish. In addition, the restaurant also sells chicken dishes, vegetable dishes, soft drinks and deserts, and some other special customized menus. Thus, from the strategy it is clear that the company tries to cater to a diversified group of customer. Nonetheless, as the menu is basically Pakistani, the restaurant mainly targets Pakistani population and other Asians. The company does not prefer catering to the Chinese, Scandinavians and Afri can customers for some specified reasons. For example, the Chinese people are not targeted as the employees, and the owners of the restaurants do not understand the Chinese language. On the other hand, the restaurant owners think that Scandinavians eat extremely slow and can block the places of other potential customers. Finally, regarding the Africans, the restaurant owner perceives that Africans want the food to be served as soon as possible and cheap. The restaurant also does not sell any sort of alcoholic products, which restricts them to

Interpretation of Statistics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Interpretation of Statistics - Research Paper Example 2. The ages of the children at the time they underwent intestinal investigation is given in Table 1. Assume that all the children had their MMR immunisation at age 1 year. On average how much time elapsed between the MMR and investigation (calculate this) KM Madsen, A Hviid, M Vestergaard, D Schendel, J Wohlfahrt, P Thorsen, J Olsen, M Melbye. A Population-Based Study of Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccination and Autism. N England J Med, 2002 347: 1477-1482 Answer: Unlike case control study, cohort study gives the freedom to include samples both from affected (diseased) and unaffected (without disease i.e. control) pool. We can compare the effect of a specific phenomenon on both the population types simultaneously and draw inference accordingly through cohort study. Although, the cohort study is more expensive but, the validation of information on exposure is complete and always provide enough information on incidence rates of the diseases. Cohort study is a rare exposure and minimise bias in the exposure determination. But sometimes the diseases are rare. In that situation case-control study is a must which Examine multiple etiologic factors for a single disease. Answer: Information from the Danish Civil Registration System was used to identify the link from the accompanying adult to child. Thus, 98.5 percent of children were identified with the use of child's civil registry number or the civil-registry number of father or mother and the age of the child at the time of vaccination on the basis of additional information The remaining 1.5 percent of children were identified on the basis of additional information from Danish Civil Registration System on other relatives and information on the address at the time of vaccination. So far as the diagnosis is considered, all diagnosis were based on standard criteria like International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) which is similar to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) with regard to autism. e) Is this method of case ascertainment likely to identify all cases of autism in the cohort If some children with

Male Role in Female Empowerment

Male Role in Female Empowerment This paper looks at the issue of womens empowerment, the role of men in empowering women, women and feminist reaction to their involvement, their own reaction as men, how they can be efficiently and effectively involved and the way forward. Until the 19th century, women accepted their mediocre status in society as they lacked the educational and economic resources that would enable them challenge the prevailing social order. Attempts to right the inequalities between men and women necessitate the empowerment of women economically, socially, politically and culturally. Women must be given the educational and economic resources that will free them from mens domination, patriarch, oppression, violence and servitude. Like the case of vaccines where weakened or dead microbes of the kind that cause a disease is administered to stimulate immune system to produce antibodies against that disease, if men are seen as the perpetrators and the cause of women problems, then it is simply wise to effectively and efficiently involve them in solving societal inequalities that exist between men and women. Once feminists, advocates, activists and women in general view men everywhere as inherently part of the problem, efforts at empowering women must involve and engage men, hence the proliferation of an interest in men and masculinities in recent years. The lives of men and women are interdependent and any benefit from women empowerment will go a long way to benefit both. Hence, there was a call on countries in 1994 at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) to promote mens support in the struggle for gender equality and encourage their involvement and shared responsibility in all areas of family life and reproductive health. Research has shown that, partnering with men is an important strategy for advancing womens empowerment. Again, the need for the involvement of men has been precipitated by a series of global processes such as the 48th session of the United Nations Commission on the status of Women (CSW), which discussed the role of boys and men in achieving womens empowerment and gender equality. This need for mens involvement is underscored by the fact that mens power over women in many contexts necessitates working with men to change the conditions of womens life; for mens power in society is exercis ed from personal decision regarding family size to the policy and programme decisions taken at all levels of government. Again, men as perpetrators arouses the need for their involvement, that is in treating the disease of womens disempowerment, ignoring the cause will only make the fight, a back and forth unprogressive agenda and as such to remedy the situation , the real cause-men, must be involved in the whole process. Also empowering women, calls for the pulling together of many resources for its accomplishment and these resources unfortunately are largely controlled by men who determines its distribution, beneficiaries and accessibility and hence it makes greater sense to pull them along on the pathway of womens empowerment to be able to assess and enjoy the resources needed in the process. Last but not the least, it is important to involve men due to the fact that, they are largely the leaders in society serving predominantly as decision makers, opinion makers as well as publi c figures who the younger generation both male and female emulate as part of their socialization and as such for womens empowerment to be achieved, men as leaders must be reached, encouraged and mobilized to become committed to gender equality in all aspects of human interactions and relationships to serve as good examples to the younger generation to acquire a wholesome socialization that view both men and women as equal and not as one being superior and the other inferior. It is worth noting that the exemplary life of men as leaders in the socialization of boys and girls is very vital in achieving and ensuring gender equity on the backdrop that they (boys and girls) are more susceptible to change and mental restructuring. It is therefore against these backgrounds that mens involvement in womens empowerment is deemed as very crucial and influential. On the assumption that humans in general are resistant to change, particularly to their norms values and belief systems, it is not surprising that some men have and are still fighting against the notion of womens empowerment based on the hidden reason of trying to defend their privileges and power because of fear of the loss of authority and economic benefits that they perceive womens empowerment would involve and also their resentment of what they see as attention and resources being given disproportionately to women. For some other men, the blame-game strategy of some feminists and seeing them as so evil deters them from changing their personal masculinities and also join in the struggle for women empowerment. On the other divide, the attention being paid to men on their involvement in addressing their superiority ideologies, over-emphasized masculinities, violent and abusive behavior in stimulating changes in their relationships with girls and women has been met with the feminist ideology of on our terms/conditions indicating a limited space for mens involvement and tangible participation. Although male involvement in womens empowerment has been of recent concern, many women working in the field remain unconfident, uncertain, antagonistic and very hostile to the idea that men might be or are partners in the fight for gender equality. Thus the emergence of men as advocates for womens empowerment has been received with a lot of suspicion, within some feminist circles; they are viewed as competitors for the limited funds available for womens rights and not as a supporting initiative. Some argue that men were coming to take over with the aim of wiping out feminist movement whilst others see men as competitors in empowering women rather than complimentary to their efforts and advocacy. Interestingly, in the mens fraternity, men working as aids to womens empowerment are seen as betraying their fellow men and sometimes referred to as men who are sat on by women in their communities. Mens role in the promotion of womens empowerment has therefore become topical and yet contested in various quarters among feminist and women who work in the field. Many feminist have viewed the involvement of men in womens empowerment with so much suspicion emanating from the distrust for men and their fear that men will try to use subtle and deceptive means to defend and maintain their privileges and power because of fear of the loss of authority and economic benefits thereby undermining the fight for womens empowerment. Men have been seen as the cause and perpetrators of the down trodden image of women and therefore it is quite uncomfortable for some feminist at involving them in their fight. Perhaps questions like why these men should be involved in the first place, how are they to be involved, whether they are willingly and will be truly committed to the fight, why on earth will men be interested in empowering women considering the superiority, power and autonomy they enjoy, and what solutions, measures and prescriptions do they have to offer in empowering them as women repeatedly clouds the minds of many feminist. This suspicion also arise s from the issue of whether men will really welcome the idea and state of women being equal to them in terms of status, power, and leadership and decision-making, are men really determined to work with women without setting or prescribing boundaries and limitation to how, which form and the extent to which women can be empowered. It is therefore against this background that many if not all women view mens involvement in their empowerment with much suspicion, hostility and hesitations. For some their hostility arises from the fear that the involvement of men in their empowerment would overshadow their efforts with them selling out to a watered down agenda. Again, in working with men to empower women, most development institutions lack the needed determination and focus of working towards a more equal world where men will not be seen as superior to women. Certainly the way in which work with men has been taken up by development institutions has often been lacking in ambition and devoi d of political intent, preoccupied with creating more equitable men, rather that galvanizing mens activism for a more equal world.( Cornwall et al, Dialogues on womens empowerment). Gender equality work with men cannot expect to participate in efforts to secure gender justice simply on the basis of men being the other half of gender but an interdependent part. Personally, for the empowerment of women to be achieved, the role of men can never be overemphasized due to the fact that the lives of men and women are intertwined such that whatever affects one directly or indirectly affects the other. It is worth noting that men even in the most traditional and patriarchal societies believe and support womens empowerment and would want to see their mothers, sisters, daughters and wives live in a society where equity and justice is paramount. Many more men in our view are ready to lace with their women folk in their empowerment- this can clearly be seen around us with the increase in the number of feminist men who have joined in the battle. However if women and feminist want men to be truly committed and involved in their empowerment, then these men should be seen as allies and not competitors, thus men should be seen as complimentary to their efforts rather their challengers or rivals. Again, the tagging men as evil and destructive must stop; othe rwise men will continue to be defensive and resistant to the changes that women desire in them for their empowerment. If we want to reach out to men to influence change, we cannot portray men as evil, since no man identifies himself as such Instead, non-judgmental messages which can provoke thinking and reflection among men for change must be employed. Also, feminist suspicion of men on their involvement in the fight for womens empowerment must give way to trust through restructuring of their thought pattern and channeling their energies in reaching, encouraging, empowering and mobilizing men to become part of the movement which is committed to womens empowerment. Furthermore it is important to educate and sensitize boys in their formative years through both formal educational system and in informal setting through peer programmes and also efforts must be made to incorporate attention of men and boys in legislation, policies and programmes on womens empowerment and to develop ways t o ensure active participation. Last but not the least, many more men can be brought on board if they are encouraged, expose and educated on the need to empower women by their peers. It will be an easier effort if men speak to men on womens empowerment because men feel more comfortable discussing such issues with their peers and are more convince when their peers informs them on issues. Despite all the drawbacks and challenges outlined above, no responsible man would love to see the children and wife become paupers or marginalized. Considering the important role women play in the development agenda, it is only proper men get involved irrespective of how some women activist view it. Women have the primary task of child rearing and therefore need all the resources to execute this task in other to break the cyclical transmission of poverty from generation to generation. Women transmit values to the next generation therefore, to make the biggest impact on development; society must empower and invest in its women. The lives of men and women are interdependent and any benefit from women empowerment will go a long way to benefit both. Hence, it is no wonder that when the call was made on countries in 1994 at the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) to promote mens support in the struggle for gender equality and encourage their involvement and share d responsibility in all areas of family life and reproductive health many men accepted. With mens power in public and private life, their cooperation is indispensable in the domestic and community spheres, national politics, finance and governance. Consequently, the empowerment of women is very crucial for the development of any society considering the roles they play in society and the fact they form more than half of the human resource of a nation but their empowerment cannot materialize without men being involved. Men have been at the centre stage of the issue of societal inequalities and hence remedying the situation requires their involvement. However, some feminist have met this development with much suspicion, hostility and distrust for these men. On the other hand, some feminist are advocating for the involvement of men as a way of addressing gender inequalities and mobilizing resource for womens empowerment. Accordingly, there is the need for those who work in the field to reach, encourage, empower, and mobilize men to become part of the fight to achieve greater success.

Abrahamic Religion Essay

Religion is the one element of life that has connected the races and societies of the world for hundreds of years. It has given meaning to lives that may seem otherwise hopeless. Out of the 5 religions I have looked at, I think 3 of the religions are the most alike. Christianity, Judaism and Islam are all very closely unified as Abrahamic religions because they share tons of common beliefs and thoughts. My investigation is on some of the similarities and differences of these three religions. All three religions believe in one God and the same God, the God of Abraham. So how do they differ? The Abrahamic faiths are strictly monotheistic. Even though Christians believe the Holy Triune (God as the Father, the Son and the Hoy Spirit.) they still consider God as one. Despite the many similarities between the Abrahamic faiths, there are some differences. For instance, Judaism denies that Jesus was a prophet while Christians and Islam acknowledge Jesus as a prophet. Also, the three religions all have their own special worship days. The Muslims worship on Fridays, the Jews have their worship on Saturdays and the Christian one is on Sundays. See more: The Issues Concerning Identity Theft Essay The Jews, the Muslims and the Christians all worship in different places and have different religious texts. The Jews worship in a place called the synagogue. In some synagogues, men and women have to sit separately. The Jews study the Torah. Torah is part of the Tanakh (Hebrew scriptures), which is compromised, with the five books of Moses. (From the Old Testament: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.) The Muslims on the other hand worship in a building called the mosque. Like the Jews, Muslim men and women are not allowed to worship and pray in the same place. The Muslims’ religious text is called the Qur’an. The Qur’an is written 600 years after the books of the bible. It entails several dozen pestles, greatly differing in length. They have ostensibly dictated by Muhammad (The man who claimed to be a prophet.). And lastly, the Christians worship in the church. The church is often recognized as God’s body on earth. Unlike the Jews and the Muslims, the Christians come together in a group but they are allowed to worship God on their own in any place. The Christians study the Holy Bible. The Bible is the Tanakh that’s reordered and now called the Old Testament, complemented with the New Testament which consists mainly of the Gospels and a bunch of letters written by the followers of Jesus to other followers of Jesus. The Abrahamic religions believe that there will be a Day of Judgment where God or a prophet will come down to Earth and judge everyone. Even though the three religions have the same basic view on it there are some differences in what they believe will happen on that day. The Christians believe that on this day, God will judge all people. They believe there will be two judgments, the first one is the entry to heaven based on faith and the second one is the position in heaven based on deeds. Like the Christians, Muslims believe that the present life is only a trail preparation for the next realm of existence; this life is a test of each individual for the life after death. The Jews on the other hand has a totally different view on this day. They believe that Muhammad will come to judge them instead of God. They also believe that the people will be categorized into 3 groups. The first group will be immediately inscribed for everlasting life they are the thoroughly righteous people; the second group will be doomed in hell, they are the thoroughly wicked people and the third group will go down to Hell and squeal and rise again, these are the people in between bad and good. In my opinion it is so interesting to see how three different religions can be so similar but also at the same time.

What can the public sector procurement learn from the private organisation procurement teams?

Simply viewed, purchasing is ultimately purchasing. Procurement specialists in the two sectors and even from the third sector of charitable, non-profit, and volunteer groups order their purchases from the same suppliers. Both the private and the public sectors pursue value for money. Towards this end, they plan responsible efficient and flexible procurement systems. However, few differences draw the distinction between the two sectors. This is reflected in the radically different dynamics in the two sectors’ operations. As the paper unfolds, it emerges that there is a lot which the public sector can learn from the private sector if it is to achieve the same level of success enjoyed by the former (Barrett and Hill, 2004). The volume or size reflects on one of the commonly touted differences in the procurement sectors (Braczyk, Cooke and Heidenreich, 1998). However, it is inevitable to examine differences in reporting, competition, trade agreements, accountability, corporate culture, tendering processing, awarding tenders, and performance. It is also important to look into professionalism across the two sectors. The commonality or difference in skills is critical also. Ethical considerations across the two sectors are equalled examined with a view to raising valuable information whether the public sector has something to learn from the private sector or not. The public sector management environment is heavily regulated by policy, legislation, and specific processes while on the other hand, the private sector remains more receptive to enterprising and entrepreneurial dynamics as exhibited by their differences in corporate culture (Braczyk, Cooke and Heidenreich, 1998). It is true that the private sector is also subject to certain rules and regulations but the difference rests on the nature of the regulations. The entrepreneurial dynamics are apparently an absent phenomenon in the public sector apart from few instances. This entrepreneurial focus is an area where the public procurement sector needs to learn and improve on based on the private procurement sector model. However, the sector may be impeded by the political influence, as the partisan nature of political processes is influential. The professionals who work in the public sector procurement need significantly more than the regular amount of diplomacy, patience, communication skills, and political intelligence if it is to prevail (Barrett and Hill, 2004). On the other hand, private sector procurement operates in more advanced challenges in the form of bigger risks, more recognition, among other issues. It is on this premise that the view that private sector pays more recognition to competence as key towards success in comparison to the public sector is held. The public procurement sector should minimise the diplomacy and political leanings and focus on competency just as the private procurement sector. Such focus should ensure bigger and attractive returns. Accountability and transparency present other areas of concern in reference to procurement (Barrett and Hill, 2004). This is influenced by the fact that the stakeholders in the public sector procurement come from diverse circles and do not stand a meaningful chance in influencing it. The stakeholders largely composed of taxpayers, clients, elected officials, and in other instances; vendors, underscore this realization. On the converse, the private procurement sector employs up-to date mechanisms to ensure accountability ad transparency in engagements. Most private procurement entities also focus on specific markets, an aspect that the public procurement sector can only attain through the establishment of specialised separate units to address the various aspects of procurement demands. It is thus not surprising that before procurement decisions are made, it is preferred that consensus is struck. Public organizations thus focus on consensus building rather than working competitively (Braczyk, Cooke and Heidenreich, 1998). Public procurement officers are as a result under an obligation to work cooperatively as opposed to doing so competitively. This is further under-lied by the idea that public enterprises engage in the sharing of some information, as it is a requirement in most public organisations. Ontario Public Buyers Association offers an example of organisations, which operate under these conditions. Consensus building is desirable towards appeasing contending stakeholders but this holds limited economic sense. This holds true since consensus building does not factor in the essence of time and other factors, which influence business in a positive manner. As proposed earlier, public procurement should be split into specialised units to deal with specific issues in procurement as it happens in the private sector. The freedom and flexibility to conduct business is absent in the public sector (Earl, 2002). On the converse, the private sector enjoys the presence of these attributes, which constitute the dream pursuits of every buyer. Flexibility is examined in reference to the kind of red tape associated with the public sector procurement. The procedural rules negatively influence the procurement process as the lengthening of the exercise proves an unattractive proposition. The red tape as a result puts constraints and unnecessary demands on the process of procurement. Red tape was intended to ensure observance of set rules ad regulations, but this s no longer congruent with emerging trends in business. As a result, doing away with the unnecessary procedural demands is desirable if the public procurement sector is to make progress. The absence of purposeful negotiations, discussions, leniency measures further compounds the shortcomings associated with public sector procurement. It is notable that public enterprises do not take their time in responding to issues like requests for proposals. Precision and detail must be presented to every relevant department before a decision is arrived at. On the converse, in the private sector procurement, the clients’ issues are keenly attended to as required. In the entrepreneurship spirit, private sector procurement allows for the negotiation of deals on the basis of fees and terms of work which appeal to both parties, as a result, growth in private procurement in tandem with quality of work (Earl, 2004). The focus is on building a good and long lasting working relationship between customers and private organizations. In the private sector procurement, if a company or client secures a satisfactory engagement, when similar projects emerge, the need to go through the same sieving exercises are not considered. The basis upon which tenders are given rests o the previous records of accomplishment. The solid ethical and moral aspects, which governmental organizations lean on, account for some unnecessary engagements. Public sector procurement demands that adherence to rules and procedures are unquestionable (Edquist, 1997). The formal protocol on responsibility, liability, accountability, and the need to protect government information constrains public procurement. On the other hand, the private sector procurement extends freedom on contractual engagements. The private sector clients focus on the market share, competitiveness, and visibility, fees, and contracts act as a measure towards achieving these goals. The moment corporate professionalism is established with a private sector client, the credibility set is useful in determining fruitful future engagements. Of late, governments are embracing e-Procurement; this embracement is based on the realization made concerning the beneficial attributes arising from both administrative and cost reductions associated with such in the private sector (Malerba, 2002). Tendering platforms, desktop purchasing systems, and e-marketplaces, features common in private sector procurement have been adopted in the public sector procurement. This is a positive step, which should pave way for similar improvements towards the promotion of efficiency and effectiveness. The nature of public sector procurement goes through rigorous bureaucratic procedures based on institutional demands (Miles, 2004). The regulation process of public procurement, which witnesses different roles played by international, national, and regional authorities, implies that this type of procurement faces a number of hurdles to overcome. This regulation is meant to ensure competition and transparency in the procurement exercise. To cite an example, public procurement in the UK has to be consistent wit the European Union procurement guidelines, which offer a framework of rules on the issue. These rules and regulations deter EU member countries from distorting competition in public procurement on the basis of geographical or national basis. The creation of the European market provides an avenue for getting value for money in the procurement sector. Apart from adhering to the European Union policy on public procurement, the public institutions must also comply with the requirements imposed by the government as reflected by the Value for Money policy. This policy demands that procurement choices should be premised on whole life cost assessment as opposed to lowest price only. On the basis of this synopsis, it is clear that government procurement is diverse in respect to what it has to cover. This extension and complexity implies that achieving efficiency and lower costs is hard to make operational. Reducing the complexity characterising public sector procurement is thus a challenge. The tendering process is designed in a way that ensures that work done by the government is given out fairy. The government considers the pricing and the nature of the entity offering the required services. The aim is to ensure that tender processing is fairly done based on governmental policies. Though important, pricing is not the major focus in public procurement (Malone, 2001). On the other hand, private sector tendering focuses on fairness and effectiveness in reference to competition. This is based on the drive towards achieving the most cost-effective outcomes in the tendering process. The primary focus is the cost effect, an attribute the government needs to learn from the private sector tendering (Malone, 2001). The political elite holds a lot of power when it comes to public tendering. This is partly due to the fact that the political class hold executive powers in country leaderships. On the other hand, in the private sector, key officials of companies who hold the required expertise holds the power of making decisions on the tendering processes (Malone, 2001). The public sector should learn from the private sector by fully authorising the bureaucratic experts to control the tendering process. If the public sector is to be in a position to operate competitively, it needs to posses buyer power. As in the case of the private buyer power, the public purchasing power may rise from the size of demand in reference to the public sector against the total market demand or due to strategic importance (Cohen and Levinthal, 2006). The size of the market however big, it may be affected by the uncoordinated and fragmented approach by the public procurement sector. This uncoordinated approach lowers the purchasing power of the public procurement sector. This presents one area the public sector needs to learn from the private sector. Towards this end, the public procurement sector should learn how to coordinate its activities properly in order to take advantage of its aces to big markets. The public procurement sector is fraught with unnecessary restrictions on participation (Cohen and Levinthal, 2006). The sector is also characterised with cost escalation. This especially affects small bidders. Such represent the level of discrimination in the sector. Large firms who are at a sound financial standing are thus the ones favoured in the public procurement sector. Towards reducing the chances of participation from the procurement process, the nature of restricted communication as reflected in the limited publication of contracting opportunities, this coupled with the narrow based qualification criteria place too much focus on firm size and experience. There are both benefits associated with increasing the number of bidders. However, the question of whether the government attains the balance between increased costs due to the higher number of participants and the expected drop in the prices as a result of the fierce competition both within the short term and the long-term. The pursuit of value for money should ensure the correct trade off is made, however, this may never be the case. This is attributable to the fact that the administrative costs are more visible as compared to the cost savings obtained from intense competition. Further, afield, risk aversion may lead to favouritism in which case, well-established companies and incumbents take the opportunities ahead of new entrants. Incumbency may limit participation. This is possible if minor suppliers believe that the public procurement sector is friendly to senior suppliers. This implies that some suppliers may boycott the bidding exercises, as they fear their success chances are limited. Such boycotts may in turn trigger price increases due to lowered competition (Cohen and Levinthal, 2006). Openness and publicness pass as challenges on the public procurement sector. Everything, which is done by public procurement, is subject to scrutiny from the public. The public purchases are normally orchestrated through invitations for bids. This opens the process to public bidding. In public procurement, public bid tabulations, which are posted on government websites. This implies that everybody understands what is going on. Overall, the private sector procurement focuses on profit, which is achievable through fierce competition. In practice, there is great variation in the way in which private managers go about establishing links with the customers. This is captured by the pursuit of firms’ attempts to lock opponents out of the market (Malone, 2001). Some firms operate in unstable environments, others like do like monopolies, while others operate in relatively protected niches where entrants find it difficult to make inroads, this under-lies the kind of challenges facing private businesses. Some sectors and businesses adopt methods, which are technologically advanced than others, further compounding the challenges (Egeberg, 1995). On the other hand, the public sector passes as a more homogeneous entity operating in a placid environment. Bureaucratic organisations are in most cases long establishments, which act, as monopolistic suppliers. The supply is to the society as opposed to the market, further to this, the pursuit of profits do not take precedence ahead of the provision of services to the citizens. The assumption that the public sector has been lacking in innovation is often advanced. However, Tan, (2004) notes that the spur of competition lacks in public procurement, a stark contrast with the private sector procurement. The public procurement sector should embrace new technological innovations like e-Procurement if it is to gain from benefits associated with such advancements, as is the case in private procurement (Fagerberg, Mowery and Nelson, 2000). Conclusion The drive towards introducing private-like procurement style into the public procurement sector is a plausible effort as this in the end translates into a number of benefits desirable to the needs of the clients its serves. Such adoption is bound to increase efficiency thorough cost reductions and improvement on service provision. The social responsibility is the major bottleneck affecting the public sector procurement. The public institutions remain accused of being irresponsive to the needs of the people they serve. However, all public organisations exist in a global setting, which heavily bears on how operations are conducted. This co-existence; between public and the other sectors imply that there is a lot to be passed or transferred through learning. The continued nature of existence of the public sector also indicates that learning through experience is a possibility since the various governments institutions are in a position to determine what works and the others which fail. The role of competition however desirable it is may prove inapplicable to the public sector procurement. This is the case in reference to when the public institutions are bidding for example, weaponry and other sensitive products. The public sector is also charged with diverse responsibilities, which are not based on economic terms but rather on the social responsibility aspect. Despite this, the public sector should learn from the public sector on how to become competitive on various fronts. On the basis of the above realisation, it is hypothetically presented that adopting measures to delink the public procurement sector from the diplomatic and political machinations presents a way out in the area. The sector should also encourage more competition in terms of recruiting skilful personnel and in allowing a level playground when it comes to the tendering process. The sector is equally expected to alter the procedural requirements, which mire the biding and tendering exercises. Such a move should lead to a flexible system, which paves way for the achievement of efficiency and effectiveness in the sector.